Chapter 2 Settling the Thirteen Colonies

Reasons for English Colonization economic freedom political freedom Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16-19 Reasons for English Colonization economic freedom political freedom religious freedom adventure

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16-19 Financial Support joint-stock companies: companies in which the risks and rewards of a venture are shared with investors Virginia Company: one of the best known joint-stock companies

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16-19 Colony Organization charter colonies: founded by a charter containing the rules governing where the colony would be located and how it would be administered

proprietary colonies: given to individuals or groups by the king Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16-19 proprietary colonies: given to individuals or groups by the king royal (crown) colonies: controlled directly by the crown

Physical Hardships ocean passage food and shelter Indians Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16-19 Physical Hardships ocean passage food and shelter Indians

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 The New England colonies were settled by those seeking religious freedom.

Groups Opposing the Church of England Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Groups Opposing the Church of England Puritans: wanted to purify the Church of England Separatists: wanted to separate from the Church of England

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies

Plymouth Colony a group of Separatists Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Plymouth Colony a group of Separatists moved to Leiden, Holland for religious freedom later decided to move to the New World known today as the Pilgrims

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 financing English businessmen financed the Pilgrims’ venture in exchange for their profits.

challenges of the voyage Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 challenges of the voyage unseaworthy ship (Speedwell) storms landed hundreds of miles north of Virginia

Mayflower Compact Indians Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Mayflower Compact first document to provide for self-government in the New World Indians Samoset: the first to greet the English Squanto: befriended the Pilgrims and helped them survive

William Bradford governor of Plymouth Colony Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 William Bradford governor of Plymouth Colony

Reasons for Plymouth’s Early Success Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Reasons for Plymouth’s Early Success learned from Jamestown’s experience used to hard work motivation

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 The Puritan attempt to reform the church from within had little success.

Massachusetts Bay establishment Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Massachusetts Bay establishment “a city set upon a hill”: They desired their colony to be an example to the world. John Winthrop: first governor

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 “the Great Migration”: growth during the 1630s in which over 15,000 people came to the colony

government freeman: stockholders with full powers to govern the colony Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 government freeman: stockholders with full powers to govern the colony General Court: representative body believed in a strong relationship between church and state

founded by Roger Williams Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Rhode Island founded by Roger Williams exiled by Massachusetts Bay in 1635 became first colony to guarantee religious freedom

founded by Thomas Hooker Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Connecticut founded by Thomas Hooker Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639: first written constitution in America

founded due to overcrowding in Massachusetts became a royal colony Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 New Hampshire founded due to overcrowding in Massachusetts became a royal colony

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 New England was settled primarily by the English, who shared a common heritage. Several of the middle colonies, however, were influenced first by other nations.

New Netherland (New York) Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 New Netherland (New York) Henry Hudson: explored modern day New York, allowing the Dutch to claim the region

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 mercantilism: an economic system that measures wealth by the amount of gold and silver a nation possesses Peter Minuit: governor of the colony responsible for buying Manhattan from the Indians

Peter Stuyvesant: tyrannical governor of New Netherland Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 patroons: recipients of large land grants for bringing fifty settlers to the New World Peter Stuyvesant: tyrannical governor of New Netherland

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 Duke of York: given New Netherland by the English monarch (based on John Cabot’s earlier claim)

promised cheap land, full religious liberty, and self-government Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 New Jersey given to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley by the Duke of York promised cheap land, full religious liberty, and self-government

William Penn: founder (Penn’s woodland) Quakers Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 Pennsylvania William Penn: founder (Penn’s woodland) Quakers beliefs: pacifists, human equality, “inner light”

purpose of the colony: a religious haven for Quakers Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 purpose of the colony: a religious haven for Quakers Philadelphia (“city of brotherly love”): capital

at one time part of Penn’s holdings (granted by the Duke of York) Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 Delaware at one time part of Penn’s holdings (granted by the Duke of York) New Sweden: originally settled by the Swedes

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 The five southern colonies developed differently from the middle colonies and New England. They had warmer climates, single-crop economies, and slave labor systems.

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies

tobacco: Virginia’s leading crop became a royal colony Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 Virginia tobacco: Virginia’s leading crop became a royal colony

Cecilius Calvert: founded the colony as a haven for Roman Catholics Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 Maryland Cecilius Calvert: founded the colony as a haven for Roman Catholics

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 Act of Toleration: guaranteed religious freedom to all who believed in the Trinity first written law guaranteeing religious freedom in the colonies

Charles II: rewarded his loyal followers with a New World territory Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 The Carolinas Charles II: rewarded his loyal followers with a New World territory 1712: divided into north and south

cash crops North Carolina: tobacco Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 cash crops North Carolina: tobacco South Carolina: rice and indigo (made blue dye)

founded by James Oglethorpe purpose Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 Georgia founded by James Oglethorpe purpose debtor colony buffer zone with Spanish Florida