Types of Migration Intercontinental – movement of people across an ocean or continent Usually involves a large sum of money Chain migration – people already in the new culture pay for other family members to come over – usually voluntary and functions to reunite families – usually leads to the development of enclaves

Types of Migration Intercontinental – movement of people across an ocean or continent Distance decay of the former culture – people begin to assimilate into the culture in which they are presently living Acculturation – the transfer of cultures Usually takes 3 generations for a family to lose its original culture

Types of Migration Interregional Intraregional Done within a country’s borders from one region to another Intraregional The movement of people within the same region Ex. Rural to urban Usually for economic reasons

Types of Migration Cyclic Seasonal migration Usually for agricultural reasons

Intervening Obstacles Anything that forces individuals to halt and abort their migration plans due to some negative factor Physical environment – natural disaster and storms Distance and Cost Cultural Factors – language – scams that prey on those that do not know the language

Intervening Obstacles Government Restrictions – quotas (limits on the number of immigrants allowed into a country) – the US is approximately 2 million per year Because of quotas illegal entry is popular and profitable Coyote – a person who is hired to help illegal immigrants get into the US, often at a cost that does not depend upon the success of entry Various debates on what to do with illegal immigrants: Amnesty – allow to stay and grant citizenship Remove all illegal immigrants from the US

Intervening Opportunities When a migrant stops and decides to stay at a location along his or her journey because he or she encounters favorable economic opportunities or environmental amenities along the way Ex. Moving from Boston to Miami but “fall in love” with the NC coast on your way down so you decide to stay

Forced Migration Slavery – 17th-19th centuries slaves from West Africa were brought to the Western Hemisphere – millions of people of African descent are in Canada, the US, the Caribbean, and South America today as a result Transmigration – the removal of people from one place and their relocation somewhere else within a country – in recent years, Indonesia has relocated by force 1/3 of the population of the island of Java to help with overcrowding