Oranges are the only fruit (that can do all this)

Where does it fit? SCN 3-17b: I can participate in practical activities to extract useful substances from natural resources. National 4 - Nature’s Chemistry Plants to products Higher (Revised) - Consumer Chemistry 8) Fragrances a) Essential oils b) Terpenes

Is that it?

O- and C-glycosylated flavones naringin flavonoids nobiletin neohesperidin polymethoxyflavones β-carotene Vitamins C & E limonin pectin hesperidin coumarins carotenoids 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin hydroxycinnamic acid phenolic acids decanal d-limonene citrantin ethanal bergapten Most of these are in amounts too small to be extractable. aldehydes octanal α-ylangene ethyl butyrate Octadecadienoic acid octanol O- and C-glycosylated flavones

O P E C The Orange Peel Exploitation Company

Limonene Fragrance Flavouring Industrial solvent 1.5% 90% Limonene is a colourless liquid hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic terpene. The more common D isomer possesses a strong smell of oranges. It is used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewably based solvent in cleaning products. D-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation. In contrast, L-limonene has a piney, turpentine-like odor.

Pectin Gelling 30% D-galacturonic acid Limonene is a colourless liquid hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic terpene. The more common D isomer possesses a strong smell of oranges. It is used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewably based solvent in cleaning products. D-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation. In contrast, L-limonene has a piney, turpentine-like odor. D-galacturonic acid

Other Compounds β-carotene Cellulose acetate methyl cellulose Limonene is a colourless liquid hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic terpene. The more common D isomer possesses a strong smell of oranges. It is used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewably based solvent in cleaning products. D-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation. In contrast, L-limonene has a piney, turpentine-like odor.

Water cleaning Research in Morocco shows that orange peel (without modification, can be used successfully to clean up acid dyes that are discharged into rivers. Research also shows it can adsorb heavy metals such a lead and cadmium. In addition, it can also be used to make activated charcoal which is even more effective