Challenges of Immigration & Urbanization

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Challenges of Immigration & Urbanization What issues did many new immigrants & city dwellers face at the turn of the century?

Immigration to the US As US industrialized, millions immigrate through the “golden door” Europeans 20 million immigrate from 1870-1920 (Ireland, Eastern & Southern Europe) Chinese & Japanese About 500K immigrate from 1870-1920 (Page Act put quotas on Asian Immigration) Mexicans About 700K immigrate from 1870-1920, recruited by US Gov for field work in SW

Ellis Island, NY Immigrants arriving from Europe went to Ellis Island & were subject to: 1) Medical Examination: check for contagious or debilitating diseases (48hr quarantine if needed) 2) Personal Questioning: criminal record, finances, politics, work Whole process took about 5-6 hours About 20% detained for a day & 2% rejected

Angel Island, CA Immigrants from Asia went through Angel Island (SF) Since Congress passed the Page Act & Chinese Exclusion Act, Asian immigrants were subject to: Medical exams (quarantined for 14 days if anything was suspicious) Discuss: How as Angel Island different from Ellis island & why? 2. Harsh personal questioning: criminal record, finances – could be detained months 50% detained, 25% rejected

Backlash to immigration Nativist organizations want to slow immigration & get rid of the wrong type of immigrant Many immigrants were forced into ethnic enclaves Rebirth of the KKK Ku Klux Klan, which started as anti-black gains momentum due to immigration backlash

Assimilation As immigration increases, a nationwide movement called Americanization gains popularity Goal: assimilate immigrants into the dominant “American” culture Problem: Since immigrants forced into enclaves most groups keep own languages & customs

Challenges of Urbanization Due to rise in population & lack of space, tenement housing is built Tenements lacked clean water, sanitation and electricity (more disease & fires) Rampant crime in cities, many areas controlled by gangs, police need new methods to deal with crime

Social Gospel Movement Preached salvation by helping the poor Reformers establish settlement housing (places to help poor) Most well known: Hull House in Chicago founded by Jane Addams