Chapter 10 Section 4 CONTROLLING HEAT.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 10 Section 4 CONTROLLING HEAT

10.4 Controlling Heat

Thermal Conduction Thermal Conduction – the process by which energy is transferred as heat through a material between two points at different temperatures. T  E Vibrating atoms jostle their less energetic neighbors and transfer some of their energy in the process.

Thermal insulators are substances that slowly transfer thermal energy. Thermal conductors are substances that rapidly transfer thermal energy. In general, metals Thermal insulators are substances that slowly transfer thermal energy. Cork, cardboard, fiberglass, gases

Convection and Radiation also Transfer Energy Convection involves the displacement of hot matter in the form of a fluid by cool matter. Natural: associated with the combined effects of pressure differences, conduction, and buoyancy. Forced Radiation involves the absorption or loss of electromagnetic radiation usu. in the form of infrared.

Examples: Natural Convection

Clothing and Climate Human body: 37.0°C (98.6°F) In extreme cold environments, person can become hypothermic. 32.2°C (90.0°F), lose consciousness Fatal at 25.6°C (78.0°F)

Insulating materials retain energy for cold climates Air is an efficient insulator. Inupiat Eskimo Average Arctic air temperatures: 10°C (50°F) to −37°C (−35°F) Traditional parka (atigi) made of caribou skin

Evaporation aids energy transfer in hot climates Arabian Desert temperatures are often in excess of 38°C (100°F) Heat exhaustion or heat stroke if body temperature gets too high. Bedouin cloths Dish-dash or dish-dasha Kefiyah, and the mandil and a hatta Because of the high specific heat capacity and latent heat of vaporization for water, evaporation removes a good deal of energy from the skin and air, thus causing the skin to cool.