Territory and Statehood Chapter 4

News Broadcast The ordinances passed for the Northwest Territory. Conflicts between settlers and American Indians. Important events of 1805. Take notes on your section to prepare you for your group’s broadcast. Give an example: Breaking News today! Congress has passed to govern the territory. Ms. Fritz can you inform us about the first law. I am live here in the territory known as Michigan. Juan you are correct Congress has passed two laws. The first was the Land Ordinance of 1785 to map the land. Michael please tell us more about this.

Michigan settler “The interior of Michigan is delightful - a mixture of prairies oak openings, and woodlands, abounding in clear streams, fine lakes, and cold springs.” Not only was Michigan’s land able to support the settler’s food and shelter needs, but it was a very beautiful environment as well. This is how one Michigan settler described the land to what is now known as Michigan.

But was the land of Michigan empty? No, American Indians inhabited the land. The Shawnee was one group in particular. Tecumseh was the chief, and he believed that no one owned the land. “No groups among us have a right to sell, even to one another, and surely not to outsiders who want all, and will not do with less…. Sell a country!” Who was the outsiders that Tecumseh was talking about? Do you believe the settlers will have the same view as the American Indians?

A New Frontier The Treaty of Paris granted the American Indians all the land west of the Appalachian, so the settlers claimed all the land to the Mississippi River. Michigan was apart of the Northwest Passage. Do you think the settlers could do whatever they liked on this new frontier? Show on map where the Northwest Passage was (WI, MI, IL, IN, and OH) Discuss and build up to the idea of laws.

Ordinances The new Congress passed two ordinances (laws) to govern the territory. 1st Law - Land Ordinance of 1785. The law was for the mapping of land sold or lost by American Indians. The land would be made into townships. Pg. 109 Map (Townships) Townships are a block of land six miles long and six miles wide.

Ordinance 2nd Law - Northwest Ordinance of 1787. Planned to make states in the territory. If 60,000 people lived in a place, it would become a state. The ordinance made slavery against the law in the territory. Many people already enslaved people, but the law made it so people could not take new enslaved people. Slavery - is keeping people against their will and making them work for no pay.

Growth and Conflict The American Indians made treaties with the British, but more and more pioneers moved into the Northwest and the treaties meant little to them. Congress thought American Indians would sell land to the pioneers, but they refused. Pioneers kept taking the American Indian lands. Pioneers - one of the first people to settle in a place Hmmm, what do you think is going to happen?

Fallen Timbers Some American Indians started fighting the pioneers. President George Washington sent an army to a place near Toledo, Ohio called Fallen Timbers. Anthony Wayne was the leader of the army and they began fighting an American Indian army led by Chief Blue Jacket. The American Indians gave up after a short fight. After the battle, an American Indian chief, Bad Bird, signed the Treaty of Greenville giving large amounts of land in parts of Ohio and Michigan.

A Capital City In 1805, the Territory of Michigan was made with the capital of Detroit. President Thomas Jefferson sent William Hull to become the first governor of Michigan. Sadly in the same year, a bakery caught fire and burned Detroit to the ground. Augustus Woodward made new plans for the city, and people began to build the city again. Treaties were signed with the American Indians to give away their land. In 1807, the Treaty of Detroit was signed, giving away the area of southeast Detroit.

New Conflicts Two Shawnee chiefs wanted to stop the settlers. They wanted the American Indians to fight back to stop the settlers. American Indians got help from the British in Canada by giving them weapons. This made the Americans furious!

The BIG Idea What happened when settlers from the United States moved into the frontier? After you write at least 3 COMPLETE sentences, you can begin working with your group.

The War of 1812 Francis Scott Key saw the British attack an American fort. When the smoke was gone he saw a flag. He wrote what he saw: “Oh say, can you see, by the dawn’s early light, What so proudly we hail’d at the twlight’s last gleaming? Whose broad strips and bright stars through the perilous fight, O’er the ramparts we watch’d, were so gallantly streaming?” First, does this sound familiar to anyone? You may have heard it at sporting events. Our national anthem - Star Spangled Banner

War with Great Britain American Indians still had alliances with Great Britain, and some American settlers still wanted even more land. American settlers wanted to move north into Canada, but Britain ruled Canada. The British Navy was stopping American ships in the Atlantic and made the sailors work for the British ships. This practice was known as impressment. Americans did not like this practice. Many Canadians wanted the United States to go to war.

War of 1812 Congress decided to go to war against Great Britain. British and American Indians were on the same side. The two groups rushed into Michigan taking on Fort Mackinac. The British then fired on a fort in Detroit. Governor Hull did not have enough people to fight, so he had to surrender the city. William Henry Harrison led a group of soldiers to take back Detroit. They lost the fight near Frenchtown.

The War and Afterward The British needed control of the Great Lakes in order to move supplies. One important battle was at Put-in-Bay on Lake Erie in 1813. After hours of fighting, the British gave up and the Americans took back the Great Lakes. Without the Great Lakes, the British could not keep Michigan. Eventually, the British and American Indians signed a treaty of Ghent to end the war. The Treaty of Ghent decided where the border between the United States and Canada would be. Americans and British fought each other for control of the Great Lakes.

Taking More Land Lewis Cass become the new governor of the Michigan Territory, and he pushed the American Indians to sign the Treaty of Saginaw. The treaty added land to the Michigan Territory and gave the American Indians $3,000 and were told they would receive $1,000 each year after. American Indians lost their land in the territory bit by bit. By 1836, they lost all their land in the Lower Peninsula and moved to the Upper Peninsula. Others lived on reservations that were land given to American Indians by the government.

Michigan Do you think that Michigan was still a beautiful land of how the Michigan settler once described?

Michigan in the late 1820s Many forest were cut down. Fur trade had disappeared. Without fur trade, settlers had no need for American Indians. Settlers pushed the American Indians to leave Michigan. Soldiers rounded up the Potawatomi and marched them away. They moved to Kansas, along with the Huron. Some went to Canada, while others died of diseases brought by the settlers. Their old way of life was gone forever.

American Indians How did the end of the fur trade affect American Indians?

Life on the Frontier Focus Lesson 3

Moving to Michigan The land in Michigan did not cost much, but it was hard for people to get there. In 1825, the state of New York finished the Erie Canal. The canal linked the Hudson River to the Great Lakes. Many people were coming to New York City, and now they could easily make way to Michigan. Michigan settlers used the canal to send wheat, flour, and lumber to cities in the East. A canal is a waterway made by people

The Travel Canal boats were pulled by horses on the banks, and in Buffalo people boarded steamboats that were ran by steam. While by land in 1810, the journey took 30 days from New York to Michigan. The new voyage took only 15 days.

How did travel from New York to Michigan change between 1810 and 1830?

The Frontier Life Families in Michigan lived in log homes that had a loft and one large room. Families would often sleep, eat, and play in the same room. Light came from oil-burning lamps and fireplaces and wood-burning stoves warmed the rooms. There was no running water. Water was gathered from the well or a stream. A loft is an open top floor.

The Life of as a Woman They sewed the family’s clothes. Washed the clothes by hand. Churned butter, baked bread, and cooked meals. Shaking up whole milk or cream to make butter

Children Families were large in the 1800s. The children fed animals and took care of the crops. They gathered eggs and milked cows. The school year was short because the children were needed on the farm.

Work and Play Pioneers had to be self-reliant. Children still had time to play together and run races, tug-of-war, and play horseshoes. They had to take care of themselves. Relatives and neighbors also helped each other out.

Writing The year is 1830. You will be writing a letter to a person back home in New York City about your trip from New York to Detroit.

Changes on the Frontier Between 1830 and 1840, Michigan grew fast. It grew faster than any other place in the country. It wanted to become a state, but to do that Michigan needed a constitution. On May 11, 1835, 91 men met in Detroit and wrote a constitution. Constitution is a plan of government.

Growing into a Statehood Michigan approved the constitution in October, and they picked a governor named Steve Mason. Congress refused to let Michigan become a state because a small piece of land known as the Toledo Strip.

Toledo Strip In 1832, Ohio built a canal that linked the Ohio and Maumee rivers. Michigan claimed some of this land known as Toledo. Ohio and Michigan began fighting over this land. It was no more than a shouting match. Congress came up with a compromise that asked Michigan to give up the Toledo Strip and gave Michigan part of the U.P. Michigan liked the compromise and became the 26th state in early 1837.