Personal Agency and Power in Light of Complex Problems Why We Do, Or Don’t Do, What’s Necessary to Address Problems Personal Agency and Power in Light of Complex Problems

Mindset: The Psychology of Learning and Achievement Our Environmental and Economic Potential Depends on Our Own Potential as Human Beings

“As a Man Thinketh, So Is He” ….Einstein's teacher said that he was ‘academically subnormal’ ….Michael Jordan's coach said that he wasn’t more talented than other people… ….Walt Disney was told that he lacked ‘creative imagination’ ….. J.K. Rowling was told her story would never sell

Fixed vs Flexible Mindsets A mindset is the BELIEF a person holds about their intellect and ability. The first is that intelligence is fixed: ability is carved in stone e.g. people are sporty/arty/clever or they are not. People and their potential are fixed. The second mindset is a growth mindset. People with this mindset believe that intelligence is malleable. People can grow, change, and develop potential.

Mindsets Affect Us in Terms of Personal: 1. Goals 2. Responses 3. Effort 4. Strategies This slide highlights the main topic of the presentation: the goals people create; the responses people display when confronted with setbacks; the beliefs about effort; and strategies for success. These differ according to which mindset a person adopts.

Fixed Mindsets PERFORMANCE Goals POTENTIAL can be MEASURED. VALIDATION from others. Low marks = not smart. Success and failure cause ANXIETY. Those with a FIXED MINDSET tend to create PERFORMANCE goals. They believe that a person’s POTENTIAL can be MEASURED. They aim to receive validation from others. Receiving low marks mean that they are not smart. Both success and failure cause ANXIETY. People endorsing a fixed mindset believe that intelligence and ability can be measured. This means that other people can measure their ability and potential. Because of this, people endorsing a fixed mindset are more likely to create performance goals which they believe reflect their intelligence and ability to others. For them, learning is not an end in itself, but rather a means to looking good. This means that success is difficult to enjoy because the person has to keep proving themselves. If they meet failure they see it as a reflection of their lack of intellect or ability, rather than a learning opportunity.

GROWTH MINDSET LEARNING Goal The goal is MASTERY and COMPETENCE. Scores and grades = how I am doing now INCREASE PERFORMANCE INCREASE ENJOYMENT DECREASE NEGATIVE EMOTION. Those with a growth mindset tend to create LEARNING goals. The goal is MASTERY and COMPETENCE. Scores and marks reflect how people are doing NOW and do not measure a person’s potential. Creating goals for learning has shown to INCREASE PERFORMANCE and enjoyment and decrease negative emotion. People with learning goals see learning as an end in itself. The goal in a learning environment is to understand the subject. This means that those with a growth mindset will come to the learning environment with a different attitude. They will persevere with tasks because the goal is to figure out the problem for the enjoyment of learning. They will ask questions, overcome setbacks and try new things because of their curiosity for learning. When people adopt a learning goal they can exceed their ‘potential’. This means that they grow and learn new things.

How Does Personal or Group Mindset Affect The Following? 1. Goals 2. Responses 3. Effort 4. Strategies This slide highlights the main topic of the presentation: the goals people create; the responses people display when confronted with setbacks; the beliefs about effort; and strategies for success. These differ according to which mindset a person adopts.

Effort and Mindsets FIXED GROWTH Those with a growth mindset see effort as a necessary part of success. They try harder when faced with a setback. Effort = success. They use effort to overcome difficulty. Those with a fixed mindset view effort as a reflection of low intelligence. Hard work means “I don’t get it” and “‘I’m unintelligent” Effort = lack of ability This slide details the different beliefs about effort held by people with fixed mindsets vs. growth mindset. Those who endorse a fixed mindset think that effort is a reflection of low ability. This is because if people are ‘born smart’ they shouldn’t have to work at it. People endorsing a growth mindset believe that hard work and effort will get them there. This is because they believe that ability can be grown and this requires effort. This slide shows that people endorsing different mindsets hold a different view about the effectiveness of effort