Fall of the Soviet Union

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Fall of the Soviet Union EQ: What were the causes of the fall of the Soviet Union? Do Now: What type of government existed before the Soviet Union and Who was its leader? E

Mikhail Gorbachev Became leader of the USSR in 1985. Eager to reform the government and its inefficiencies, but also wanted it to remain a communist nation. Foreign Policies: Renounced the Brezhnev Doctrine, signed treaties with the US to control the arms race, and pulled Soviet troops out of Afghanistan.

Glasnost = openness; policy of being open to non-Communist policies; instituted by Gobachev in the 1980’s Perestroika = restructuring of the Soviet and economy in the 1980’s. (Allowed some private ownership of businesses, but wanted to keep the essence of communism).

1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall 1990- East and West Germany reunited into one Germany 1981: Workers strike for better pay, freedom for religious groups, & right to strike 1989: First free elections since 1947 1989: Mass demonstrations 1990: Multiparty elections 1991: Splits into Czech Republic and Slovak Republic 1991: Multiparty elections 91-92- War between Croats and Serbs 1992: Fighting begins between Serbs and Bosnian Muslims 1992: First multiparty elections 1996: First non-communist government

The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe Most of the ‘satellites’ of the USSR began to revolt and break away following a similar pattern: Giving into public pressure, the old Communists would step down in favor of younger ‘reform-minded’ Communists These new leaders would agree to let other political parties to exist and compete for seats in the country’s legislature In free, multiparty elections, member of non-Communist parties would win over Communist party members By 1989 the first two stages of this process were peacefully accomplished in Hungary, Bulgaria, East Germany, and Czechoslovakia

Unexpected Results: Rapid changes brought about by glasnost and perestroika brought about economic turmoil Some leaders spoke out against Gorbachev, while others called for even more democratic and capitalist reforms. In 1991 hard-line communists tried to overthrow Gorbachev in a military coup; the coup failed but it weakened his rule. By the end of 1991, most of the republics in the USSR had declared their independence and the USSR ceased to exist.

RUSSIA THE USSR is broken up into 15 independent republics 1-Russia 2-Estonia 3-Latvia 4-Lithuania 5-Belarus 6-Ukraine 7-Moldova 8-Georgia 9-Armenia 10-Azerbaijan 11-Turkmenistan 12-Uzbekistan 13-Tajikistan 14-Kyrgyzstan 15-Kazakhstan.