Plural Nouns

Rule 1 Examples: If a noun ends with: s, sh, z, ch, x Then add: -es Watches buzzes Buses Crashes Churches Boxes Gases Dishes

Rule 2 If a noun ends with: consonant + y Then: change y to i add -es Examples: Babies Duties Families Batteries Histories Memories

Rule 3 Examples: If a noun ends with: vowel + y Then add: -s Joys Monkeys Essays keys

Rule 4 If a noun ends with: f or fe Then: add –s Or change f to v and add -es Examples: Wives Lives Giraffes Knives Elves Shelves Cliffs Wolves

Rule 5 Examples: If a noun ends with: consonant + o Then add: -es Zeroes Tomatoes Potatoes

Rule 6 If a noun ends with: us (Latin origin) Then: change us to i Examples: Alumni Cacti Fungi Nuclei

Irregular Plurals Some common irregular plurals: Some nouns do not change: Men People Women Mice Children Oxen Teeth Geese Feet Fish Shrimp Deer Salmon Moose Species Aircraft Offspring Buffalo

Singular Plural Man Woman Men’s Club Women’s Club