Ron Clarke- Rational choice theory Right realist Ron Clarke argues that crime is a rational choice based on a calculation of likely consequences. If the perceived rewards of a crime outweigh the perceived costs i.e. more to gain than loose then he argues people will commit crime. To reduce crime we have to ensure that the cost outweigh the benefit. Felson: Routine activity theory Argues that if we ensure that a suitable guardian e.g. neighbourhood watch representative or police office is present we break the problem triangle o Tuesday, 15 January 2019 Realist Criminology- The new right

Tuesday, 15 January 2019 Realist Criminology- The new right

Reducing opportunity ‘Reducing or avoiding ‘provocations’ e.g. remove factors that may tempt people into crime or cause frustration which results in criminal acts. ‘Removing the excuses’ that people may use to rationalise or justify their actions Tuesday, 15 January 2019 Realist Criminology- The new right

Reducing opportunity Directly- Organising the immediate physical environment by ‘designing out the opportunity for crime’ e.g. entrance buzzers, no dark spaces, open plan areas, CCTV visible throughout the space. Indirectly- Organising people to minimise their vulnerability to crime by encouraging people to take responsibility for their property as individuals (e.g. Reminding people to look after their valuables by locking up) and collectively by encouraging neighbourhood watch groups. Tuesday, 15 January 2019 Realist Criminology- The new right

Putting situational crime prevention You have been give n the job of designing the new broad marsh centre, previously the centre and its car park have been crime hot spots. Using the ideas put forward by Ron Clarke create a deign which will: Increase the effort of crime Increase the risks of crime Reduce the rewards Reduce provocations Removing excuse Your design must clearly label where each of these strategies is in place and how your design feature will do this. Tuesday, 15 January 2019 Realist Criminology- The new right

Evaluation points for Right Realism- It is influential on Government policy in both the USA and UK. For example 'zero tolerance' has been successfully adopted as a policy in New York and has been adopted by UK governments too. Right realist scholar Ron Clarke’s situation crime prevention strategies have been used widely used. Environmental crime prevention strategies based on Wilson’s broken ‘Window thesis’ have been widely used in cities across the UK and US. Tuesday, 15 January 2019 Realist Criminology- The new right

Evaluating situational crime prevention Read through you critical evidence studies, what could we use to help us achieve highly in this question? Tuesday, 15 January 2019 Realist Criminology- The new right

Mark scheme Tuesday, 15 January 2019 Realist Criminology- The new right