Implementing MB Alternatives in GA University of Georgia Tifton Campus

Loss of Methyl Bromide

Viable MB Fumigant Alternatives MIDAS (methyl iodide plus chloropicrin) DMDS (dimethyl disulfide plus chloropicrin) Trade Name will be Paladin Telone II fb chloropicrin fb Vapam (3-WAY)

MIDAS Labeled in 2008. Application procedure similar to MB.

MIDAS Labeled Application procedure similar to MB. MIDAS is a 50:50 or 98:2 mix with Pic Use rate similar to MB

Non-treated

MIDAS MB

MIDAS MIDAS is a 50:50 or 98:2 mix with Pic Use rate similar to MB EUP (Experimental Use Permit) Application procedure similar to MB MIDAS is a 50:50 or 98:2 mix with Pic Use rate similar to MB Reduce use rate 40% under VIF mulches.

MIDAS 350 lb/A Broadcast LDPE VIF

MIDAS Broadcast rate of 98:2 under high barrier mulch Spring: 100 lb Fall: rate needed above label Broadcast rate of 50:50 under high barrier mulch Spring: 175 to 200 lb Fall: rate needed is above label

DMDS (Paladin) EUP was in effect for 2008, labeled late spring early summer 2009?

DMDS (Paladin) EUP 2008, labeled 2009? 79:21 mixture with chloropicrin. Same application procedures as MB.

DMDS (Paladin) EUP 2008, labeled 2009? 79:21 mixture with chloropicrin Same application procedures as MB Excellent nutsedge control; needs help on annual grasses, pigweed, and likely other small seeded annual broadleaf weeds.

Non-treated

DMDS MB

Percent yellow nutsedge control at harvest as impacted by DMDS rate Percent yellow nutsedge control at harvest as impacted by DMDS rate. TyTy, GA 2008.* 100 a 99 a 98 a 98 a 60 G 50 G 40 G 30 G DMDS Rate

Percent large crabgrass control at harvest as impacted by DMDS rate Percent large crabgrass control at harvest as impacted by DMDS rate. TyTy, GA 2008.* 75 a 66 b 49 c 33 d 60 G 50 G 40 G 30 G DMDS Rate

DMDS (Paladin) EUP 2008, labeled 2009? 79:21 mixture with chloropicrin Same application procedures as MB Excellent nutsedge control; needs help on annual grasses, pigweed, and likely other small seeded annual broadleaf weeds. Must use high barrier mulch

DMDS 60 G, Blockade DMDS 70 G, LDPE

DMDS (Paladin) EUP 2008, labeled 2009? 79:21 mixture with chloropicrin. Same application procedures as MB. Excellent nutsedge control; needs help on annual grasses, pigweed, and likely other small seeded annual broadleaf weeds. Must use high barrier mulch. Smell and cost must be addressed.

Telone/Pic/Vapam Labeled, strongly encouraged to try for spring applications

Telone II fb Chloropicrin fb Vapam 2006 2004

MB 3 Way

Number of Nutsedge Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper. Spring 2007.* Location 2 Location 3 MB 15 b 59 b MIDAS 13 b 55 b 3-WAY 25 b

Number of Amaranth Plants/A with MB Alternatives in Pepper. Spring 2007.* Location 2 Location 3 MB 10 b 2 b MIDAS 15 b 16 b DMDS 220 a 206 a 3-WAY 0 b

MB, MIDAS, DMDS application 8” deep

Telone II Application 12 to 14 “ deep

Chloropicrin placed 8 inches deep

Note moisture and compaction

Metam Application

Other Things I Need To Know 1. Do I need Telone, Pic, and Vapam?

Other Things I Need To Know Do I need Telone, Pic, and Vapam? how many crops? what crops? what weed pressure? what disease pressure? If you don’t use all 3 can you sustain success?

Telone II fb Pic fb Vapam Telone II fb Vapam LDPE mulch Telone II fb Pic LDPE mulch Telone II fb Pic fb Vapam LDPE mulch V4-05, 60 DAT

Other Things I Need To Know 2. Can I apply my Telone and chloropicrin together (C35 or Pic Chlor 60)??

Other Things I Need To Know 2. Can I apply my Telone and chloropicrin together (C35 or Pic Chlor)?? Ideal Placement Vapam = 4 inches Chloropicrin = 8 inches Telone = 12 inches

Telone + Chloropicrin (100 lb) followed by Vapam Pic 8 “ deep Pic 12 “ deep

Other Things I Need To Know 3. Interval between fumigating and planting???

Telone II fb chloropicrin Transplanted 21 DAT VIF LDPE Telone II fb chloropicrin

Other Things I Need To Know 4. Do we need alternative mulch with 3-WAY?

Percent Purple Nutsedge Control by MB Alternative Systems Percent Purple Nutsedge Control by MB Alternative Systems. Ponder, Spring 2007. 99a 93 a Plots were 1 bed by 50 feet, evaluations are at pepper harvest.

Percent Purple Nutsedge Control by MB Alternative Systems Percent Purple Nutsedge Control by MB Alternative Systems. Ponder, Spring 2007. 99a 93 a 82 b 75b Plots were 1 bed by 50 feet, evaluations are at pepper harvest.

Other Things I Need To Know 5. Spring vs. fall application in GA???

Percent Purple Nutsedge Control by MB Alternative Systems Percent Purple Nutsedge Control by MB Alternative Systems. Ponder, Spring 2008. 99 a 99 a 99 a 99a 99a Plots were 1 bed by 50 feet, evaluations are at pepper harvest. Soil temp 60 F.

Percent Purple Nutsedge Control by MB Alternative Systems Percent Purple Nutsedge Control by MB Alternative Systems. Ponder, Fall 2007. 98a 93ab 87 ab 85 b 70 c Plots were 1 bed by 50 feet, evaluations are at pepper harvest. Soil temp 93 F.

Other Things I Need To Know 6. Control weeds before and IMMEDIATELY after the crop is produced *The goal is to eliminate seed or tuber production….glyphosate is more effective than paraquat on nutsedge, tillage great option after last crop on mulch.

Comparing MB Alternatives DMDS 3-WAY MIDAS Mulch - + - Smell - + + Nutsedge + +/- + Annual grasses - + + Broadleaf weeds - + + Application Procedure + - +

Bigger Issue than Loss of MB?

Plasticulture – BEST CASE Reduce GA farm income: $20.4 mil Reduce output value: $73.1 mil Reduce labor income: $35.1 mil Eliminate 775 workers

BAREGROUND – BEST CASE Eliminate production dependent on fumigants

Bigger Issue than Loss of MB?

Bigger Issue than Loss of MB? BUFFER RESTRICTIONS FOR ALL FUMIGANTS

Fumigant RED’s Buffer distances to homes or occupied structures Right-of-way buffer zones Buffer zones adjacent to areas treated the previous day Respiratory requirements Warning zones Notification of state agency Fumigant management plan

Fumigant RED’s Buffer distances to homes or occupied structures Right-of-way buffer zones Buffer zones adjacent to areas treated the previous day Respiratory requirements Warning zones Notification of state agency Fumigant management plan

Research Objectives Address the variables actually impacting gas emissions! Soil moisture Soil texture Soil temperature Soil compaction Mulch types Application procedures

Questions or Comments?