Differential expression of leptin and leptin's receptor isoform (Ob-Rb) mRNA between advanced and minimally affected osteoarthritic cartilage; effect.

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Differential expression of leptin and leptin's receptor isoform (Ob-Rb) mRNA between advanced and minimally affected osteoarthritic cartilage; effect on cartilage metabolism T. Simopoulou, M.D., K.N. Malizos, M.D., Ph.D., D. Iliopoulos, Ph.D., N. Stefanou, B.Sc., L. Papatheodorou, M.D., M. Ioannou, M.D., Ph.D., A. Tsezou, Ph.D. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 15, Issue 8, Pages 872-883 (August 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.018 Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 (a) Distal femur and tibial plateau of patient undergoing total knee replacement surgery showing full thickness degeneration of cartilage in the median femoral condyle (MFC) and relatively normal appearance of cartilage in the lateral femoral condyle (LFC). (b) Advanced OA: the articular cartilage contains vertical clefts resulting from fraying and splitting of the collagen fibers at the surface of the cartilage. There is proliferation of chondrocytes within the cartilage matrix (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain). (c) Minimal OA: minimal disruption of the cartilage surface. Uniform distribution of chondrocytes throughout the width and depth of the tissue (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 872-883DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Representative gel showing leptin (499bp), Ob-Ra (394bp) and Ob-Rb (501bp) (a) and internal control RARα (b) mRNA expression in normal, advanced OA and minimal OA cartilage. Lane 1: marker 100bp ladder, lane 2: leptin in minimal OA cartilage, lane 3: Ob-Ra in minimal OA cartilage, lane 4: Ob-Rb in minimal OA cartilage, lane 5: leptin in advanced OA cartilage, lane 6: Ob-Ra in advanced OA cartilage, lane 7: Ob-Rb in advanced OA cartilage, lane 8: leptin in normal cartilage, lane 9: Ob-Ra in normal cartilage, lane 10: Ob-Rb in normal cartilage. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 872-883DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 (a) Comparison of the mean leptin's mRNA expression levels (leptin mRNA copies/PBGD copies) in knees and hips of all patients between mild and advanced OA. Data are shown as mean±standard error. (*) P<0.001 and (#) P<0.016 were considered significant. (b) Comparison of the mean Ob-Rb's mRNA expression levels (Ob-Rb mRNA copies/PBGD copies) in knees and hips of all patients between mild and advanced OA. Data are shown as mean±standard error. (*) P<0.004 and (#) P<0.05 were considered significant. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 872-883DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Leptin's effect on mean Ob-Rb's mRNA expression (Ob-Rb mRNA copies/PBGD copies) in cultured normal and osteoarthritic chondrocytes (0–7 days). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 872-883DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Leptin (a) and Ob-Rb (b) protein expression evaluated by Western blot analysis in normal and OA (mild and advanced) chondrocytes. GAPDH protein levels were used as a loading control. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 872-883DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Mean leptin's mRNA expression levels in advanced OA cartilage (leptin mRNA copies/PBGD copies) of all patients grouped according to BMI. (*) P<0.05 was considered significant. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 872-883DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 (a, b) Effect of leptin on cell proliferation of osteoarthritic and normal chondrocytes in 24h (a) and 72h (b) cultures. Cell number is expressed as percentage of control; i.e., cell cultures that had no leptin. Data are shown as mean±standard error of three independent experiments. C, control; (*) P<0.05 was considered significant. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 872-883DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Effect of increasing leptin concentrations (0–100ng/ml) on IL-1β production by normal and osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes after 7 days culture. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 872-883DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 MMP-9 and MMP-13 protein expression in normal and osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes. (a) MMP-9 and MMP-13 protein levels are very high in OA vs normal (N) chondrocytes. GAPDH expression levels were used as a loading control. (b) MMP-9 and MMP-13 protein expression in OA chondrocytes after treatment with 100ng/ml leptin for 5 and 7 days. MMP-9 and MMP-13 after leptin treatment are even more up-regulated in OA chondrocytes. (c) MMP-9 and MMP-13 protein expression in normal chondrocytes after treatment with 100ng/ml leptin for 5 and 7 days. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 872-883DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.018) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions