Adjectives and adverbs Adjectives modify nouns. A beautiful day An interesting idea Adverbs modify verbs by telling us how we do something. She works quietly. They write clearly. Many adverbs are formed by adding ly to the adjective. easy - easily careful – carefully nice - nicely A few words, like fast, hard, late and low, take the same form as both adjectives and adverbs. It was a late movie. I stayed out late. She had a hard time. She studied hard.

Forming adverbs from adjectives Many adverbs are formed by simply adding –ly to an adjective: Adjective Adverb beautiful beautifully careless carelessly cautious cautiously courteous courteously joyous joyously quick quickly

Forming adverbs from adjectives If an adjective ends in –y if often changed to i before the –ly is added: Adjective Adverb angry angrily easy easily guilty guiltily happy happily hasty hastily shabby shabbily

Forming adverbs from adjectives If an adjective ends in –le, the –le is dropped before –ly is added: Adjective Adverb capable capably comfortable comfortably miserable miserably simple simply

Rules In general: adjective + -ly adjective example slow slowly Exceptions in spelling exception Silent ‘e’ is dropped in true, due, whole true → truly y becomes i happy → happily le after a consonant is dropped sensible → sensibly After ll only add y full → fully

Rules Adjectives ending in –ic: adjective + -ally (exception: public- publicy) adjective adverb fantastic fantastically Adjectives ending in –ly: use ‘in a … way / manner’ or another adverb with similar meaning friendly in a friendly way in a friendly manner likely probably

Exceptions Adverb (meaning) Adjective good well difficult with difficulty public publicy deep deep (place) deeply (feeling) direct directly (=soon) hard hardly (=seldom) high high (place) highly (figurative) late lately (=recently) most mostly (=usually) near nearly (=almost) pretty pretty (=rather) prettily short shortly (=soon) The following adjectives are also used as adverbs (without moficication) daily, enough, nearly, far, fast, hourly, little, long, low, monthly, much, straight, weekly, yearly …

ACTIVITY I Read the sentences carefully and apply the rules. Paula is a patient teacher. She listens ____. Santa Claus is merry. He laughs______. Lucas is rapid. He answered the test _____. Ben is organized and quick. He ____ finished the task. Gladys has clear pronunciation. She talks _____. The Senator is well- liked. People talk of him. ( high) Barbara dances____. ( graceful). My boss greeted the visitors _____. (polite) This has to be done ___ ( regular). She _______ showed us her trophy. ( happy). He is a good coordinator. He does it _______. The child ____ took the toys. ( relentless) The organization ___ prepared its activity. ( excited) The members ____ welcomed the tourists. ( kindly) The Boy Scouts ____ completed the kite. (enthusiastic).

ACTIVITY II Write the correct form in the blank. Jack plays the piano ________. (beautiful) Mrs. Cordero speaks very ____. (soft) Mara won the race _____. ( easy) I see him at the Casino ____. (frequent) 5. She acted ____. ( greedy) That cave is dangerous. Walk ____ (cautious). He stole the cookies. He acted____ (guilty). She was late. She drove ____ ( hasty). They were poor. They dressed ___ (shabby). Someone ____ killed the dog. ( miserable)

ACTIVITY III Read the sentences and complete them: Andrea answered the questions_____.(honest) John walked to the store very ___. ( slow) _______, my sister ruined my dress. (thoughtless) ___ the rangers approached the bear. (cautious) Paul ___ answered the interview. ( foolish) The new secretary works ___. (careless) Joe ____ gave a donation. ( generous) The feverish man ____ watched his girlfriend. ( jealous) Mary apologized ____. ( sincere) The dog ____ hid the bone. ( playful)

Activity IV. Read the corresponding words and change them to adverbs taking the rules into consideration. 1. brave 2. competent 3. good 4. bitter 5. angry 6. easy 7. happy 8. simple 9. capable 10. comfortable 11. hasty 12. nice 13. clean 14. dirty 15. rapid

Part II. Let’s continue with the challenge Part II. Let’s continue with the challenge. Read and choose the best alternative. 1. If you always drive ___ you are sure to have an accident. a. recklessly b. reckless 2. Pablo ate his dinner ___. a. quick b. quickly 3. He’s an awful driver. He never stops ______. a. smoothly b. smooth 4. This case’s evidence has been___affected. a. serious b. seriously 5. Mr. Max and Mrs. Max squealed at each other ___. a. furious b. furiously