Functional selectivity of cardiac preganglionic sympathetic neurones in the rabbit heart Reshma A. Chauhan, John Coote, Emily Allen, Pott Pongpaopattanakul,

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Functional selectivity of cardiac preganglionic sympathetic neurones in the rabbit heart Reshma A. Chauhan, John Coote, Emily Allen, Pott Pongpaopattanakul, Kieran E. Brack, G. Andre Ng International Journal of Cardiology Volume 264, Pages 70-78 (August 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.119 Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Diagram to illustrate the methods used to stimulate the cardiac sympathetic preganglionic neurones projecting to the stellate ganglion from the upper thoracic spinal cord. (a) Schematic to show the theoretical basis underlining the experimental approach whereby the placement of the stimulating electrodes activates an increasing contribution of sympathetic preganglionic axons from successive spinal cord segments. (b) Drawing showing the placement of electrodes on right and left sympathetic chains parallel to the spinal column at levels between T1-T6. These six electrodes were carried on a narrow plug attached to the posterior chest wall and the whole arrangement was insulated with Kwik-Sil adhesive. (c) Image of dissected right sympathetic chain after placement on custom made electrodes in positions T5-T6, T4-T5, T3-T4, T2-T3 and T1-T2. (b) Image of final preparation with both sympathetic chains positioned on electrodes and embedded with Kwik-Sil adhesive. International Journal of Cardiology 2018 264, 70-78DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.119) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effects of right and left chain stimulation on monophasic action potential (MAP) duration. (a) Basal and apical MAP traces during right sympathetic stimulation (RSS) and left sympathetic stimulation (LSS) at the levels stimulated between T1-T6. (b) Basal MAP duration during baseline (BL) and RSS and LSS between T1-T6. (c) Apical MAP duration during BL and RSS and LSS between T1-T6. (d) Percentage change in MAP duration at the base and apex with RSS and LSS. Data represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. International Journal of Cardiology 2018 264, 70-78DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.119) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Effect of right and left sympathetic stimulation on maximum slope of restitution. Restitution slopes at the levels stimulation between T1-T6 during (a) RSS and (b) LSS with exponential curve fit (MAPD90 = maximum MAPD90 [1 − e−DI/T]). (c) Maximum slope of restitution at the base from baseline (BL) to right sympathetic stimulation (RSS) and BL to left sympathetic stimulation (LSS) at the levels stimulated between T1-T6. (d) Maximum slope of restitution at the apex from BL to RSS and BL to LSS at the levels stimulated between T1-T6. (e) Percentage change in the maximum slope of restitution at the base and apex for RSS and LSS at spinal segments T1-T6. Data represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. International Journal of Cardiology 2018 264, 70-78DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.119) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effect of right and left sympathetic stimulation on ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) (a) VFT changes from baseline (BL) to right sympathetic stimulation (RSS) and BL to left sympathetic stimulation (LSS) at the levels stimulated between spinal segments T1-T6. (b) Percentage change in VFT for RSS and LSS at spinal segments T1-T6. Data represent mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001. (c) Relationship between maximum slope of restitution and VF threshold with linear regression analysis. Individual symbols represent values obtained at BL, LSS and RSS. Equation of line is y = 2.532 ∗ X + 8.21, P < 0.001. International Journal of Cardiology 2018 264, 70-78DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.119) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions