KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY Provides explanation for different states of matter at the molecular level.

Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms or molecules. Gold atoms

These particles are always undergoing rapid and constant random movement (Brownian motion). The collisions between the particles are elastic.

STATES OF MATTER

Relative volumes of samples Large volume (low density) PROPERTY GAS LIQUID SOLID Relative volumes of samples Large volume (low density) Small volume (high density) Dependence of sample volume on the volume of its container Volume depends on volume of container Fixed volume Dependence of sample shape on the shape of its container Adopts shape of container Adopts shape of part of container that it occupies Fixed shape Ease of compression Easily compressed Nearly incompressible Rate of diffusion Fast More slowly than gases Negligible diffusion

G A S VAPORIZATION EVAPORIZATION CONDENSATION L I Q U I D DEPOSITION ENDOTHERMIC EXOTHERMIC VAPORIZATION EVAPORIZATION CONDENSATION L I Q U I D DEPOSITION SUBLIMATION MELTING FUSION FREEZING SOLIDIFICATION SOLID

Continuous evaporation taking place in an uncovered container Continuous evaporation taking place in an uncovered container. In the covered container, a state of dynamic equilibrium (liquid-to-gas-to liquid) exists.