The Rise and Spread of Islam 1

The Rise and Spread of Islam Time period: 622-present Location: Arabian Peninsula Founder: Mohamed Holy Book: Quran –written in Arabic 2

Words to Know Islam submission to god Muslim person who follows Islam Allah god in Arabic Mosque Muslim place of worship 3

Mohamed/Muhammad Mecca= busy trading city on the Arabian Peninsula founder of Islam 570-Born in the city of Mecca Mecca= busy trading city on the Arabian Peninsula successful businessman who led camel caravans along Arabian trade routes 4

Mohamed/Muhammad had visions of the Angel Gabriel, who told him to recite the word of god Mohamed’s teachings were collected and written in the Quran 5

Mohamed/Muhammad 622-forced to leave Mecca for the city of Medina this move is called the hejira he created the first Islamic city-state in Medina 630 -returned and invaded Mecca 632 -death of Mohamed 6

Beliefs/Traditions Five Pillars of Islam These are the main religious duties of Muslims There will definitely be a question on the Regents about the 5 Pillars, so you better know them! 7

Five Pillars of Islam Shadah belief in one god Salat prayer 5 times a day Siyam to fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan 8

Five Pillars of Islam Zakat giving to charity and the poor every year Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia once in a Muslim’s life 9

Spread of Islam Following the death of Mohamed … Islam experienced rapid expansion in Afro Eurasia Muslim armies marched across WE until they were defeated in France, Battle of Tours, 732 By the 1400’s, Muslim Empire extended from Spain to India 10

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Rapid Expansion of the Islamic Empire , 7th-8th C 636-Damascus became capital city (ME) 638-Jerusalem (ME) 640-Cyprus (ME) 640-Alexandria,Egypt (AF) 670-Muslim blockade of Constantinople (EE) 13

Rapid Expansion of the Islamic Empire , 7th-8th C 697-Carthage (AF) 711-Toledo, capital of Spain (WE) 718- all of Spain (WE) 732-southern France until defeated at Battle of Tours (WE) 14

Umayyad Dynasty 661-750 Capital city at Damascus (Syria, SWA) Arabic became language of many conquered people and helped unify them under Islam camel and horse cavalries were faster than traditional armies; empire expanded quickly 15

Umayyad Dynasty 661-750 How did the Ummayads treat the people they conquered? allowed people to follow own belief systems and culture non-Muslims sometimes paid higher taxes Jews and Christians held important gov’t. positions many people converted to Islam in the late 8th century 16

Umayyad Dynasty 661-750 For several centuries, most people in the Islamic Empire were neither Muslim or Arab. Cross regional and cultural exchange occurred for many years among Christians, Jews, Muslims and polytheistic people. Muslim trade routes connected Asia with the Mediterranean world. As they traveled, traders spread Muslim culture to Europe via the Levant, Sicily, and Spain. In Asia, they penetrated as far as China and India and journeyed over the ancient Silk Road. Muslim traders also traveled across northern Africa as far as Timbuktu. 17

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Blue Mosque-Yerevan, Armenia 22

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Hagia Sophia- Istanbul, Turkey 27

Dome of the Rock-Jerusalem, Israel 28

Shah Faisal Mosque – Islamabad, Pakistan 29

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Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain (now a Catholic Cathedral) 31

African Mosque in Nigeria 32

Qutb Minar-New Delhi,India 33

Kaaba—Mecca, Saudi Arabia 34

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RISE OF ISLAM QUESTIONS What year did Islam begin? What area of the world did Islam begin? What leader founded the Islamic faith? What is the name of Muslim scriptures? What does the word “Islam” mean? What does the word “Allah” mean? What does the word “Muslim” mean? What does the word “Mosque” mean?

Rise of Islam Questions (cont.) What city was the founder of Islam born? What are the five pillars of Islam? What does each pillar of Islam mean? What does “hejira” mean? List six places where Islam spread to outside of Arabia? What was the dominate language of people who lived under Islam?