Adaptive Co-Management as an Emergent Strategy  Pedagogy: A Brief Research Agenda THE INVISIBLE WAND Adaptive Co-Management as an Emergent Strategy in Complex Bio-Economic Systems A Paper written by Jack Ruitenbeek and Cynthia Cartier Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Occasional Paper No. 34, October 2001 Presentation by Rowan B. Martin illustrated with René Magritte’s paintings

 Does science have a rôle to play in all of this ? Pedagogy: A Brief Research Agenda Now, in defining the panarchy, in studying complex systems and in looking at adaptive co-management, the terms . . . GOAL PURPOSE MEASURES OF SUCCESS OBJECTIVE creep back into the discussion . . . linking these somehow to human well-being and sustainability Does science have a rôle to play in all of this ?

We must move consciously into a realm of complex systems thinking Basic and Applied Research in a Complex Systems Framework We must move consciously into a realm of complex systems thinking We must move consciously into a realm of complex systems thinking , rather than relying on our deterministic roots

 Pedagogy: A Brief Research Agenda Further work is needed on – the notion that ACM is an emergent property  ACM seems to emerge and work best where there is a high dependence on a bio-economic system, homogeneity of vision and high penalties for failure

 Pedagogy: A Brief Research Agenda Further work is also needed on – incentives  measures of success  and credit at the local level 

 Pedagogy: A Brief Research Agenda Ongoing research into criteria and indicators (C&I) needs to change from its deterministic past and be re-oriented to the needs of complex systems  – Indicators have a key rôle to play in adaptive management – C&I are powerful tools for learning and awareness building within complex systems and contribute directly to dezombification – C&I research needs to look for finer-grained criteria of success that can stand in usefully for high level goals – Some components of complex systems are, in fact, quite simple and may be described by straightforward cause-effect relationships

 Pedagogy: A Brief Research Agenda More research is needed in the rôle of consciousness within an adaptive system  We should welcome philosophers into research teams If our policies are to promote dezombification, we will need philosophers to tell us if we are indeed ridding the world of zombies

 Pedagogy: A Brief Research Agenda Recapitulation Where were we ? In Galileo’s time, philosophers were revered and paid more than other scientists Where are we now ? Three hundred years later, economists are the most revered and highly paid. The plight of natural scientists is the same. The world is oblivious to its philosophers. Where should we be heading ? We need to borrow from the old and re-invent science. Pay the philosophers more, become tolerant of ecologists and banish the economists.