WORLD WAR I M.A.I.N. Causes

Present, but not obvious factors that lead to the effect Underlying Causes Present, but not obvious factors that lead to the effect

MILITARISM Increased naval power Arms race / military build-up Military influenced public policy

If one country was attacked, allied countries bound to defend them Secret ALLIANCES If one country was attacked, allied countries bound to defend them

Increasing competition leads to confrontation IMPERIALISM Increasing competition leads to confrontation Desire for greater empires

Each country tried to prove dominance / power NATIONALISM Each country tried to prove dominance / power

Sensationalism / exaggeration Motivates public support for war Yellow Journalism Sensationalism / exaggeration Motivates public support for war

Cause that leads immediately to the effect Direct Cause Cause that leads immediately to the effect

Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary shot by a Serbian nationalist

TRIPLE ALLIANCE Austria-Hungary Germany Italy

TRIPLE ENTENTE Britain France Russia

OTHER ALLIES Portugal Spain Switzerland Belgium Netherlands Denmark Norway Romania Serbia Bulgaria Greece Albania

Government Propaganda Ideas spread to influence public opinion Stirred up national hatred before the war At first: Used to urge people to defend their own country

23.2 Key Terms Words you must know…. 

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause Propaganda

Warfare fought in trenches (ditches protected by barbed wire) Trench warfare

A war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses War of attrition

A war involving a complete mobilization of resources and people in the warring countries Total War

Economic systems directed by government agencies Planned economies

End of the War 1919

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

War Guilt Clause: Responsibility Forces Germany (and Austria-Hungary) fully responsible for starting the war

Cost of the War Germany ordered to pay reparations for all damage done to Allied nations

Germany forced to: Limit Army to 100,000 Reduce Navy Military Germany forced to: Limit Army to 100,000 Reduce Navy Eliminate Air Force

Germany / Russia lost much territory See map on page 743 Alsace and Lorraine returned to France Germany / Russia lost much territory

Rhineland becomes demilitarized zone Buffer Zone Rhineland becomes demilitarized zone Stripped of all weapons and fortifications Intended as a barrier

A truce or an agreement to end the fighting in a war ARMISTICE

A payment by a nation defeated in a war to other nations to cover the costs of war REPARATION

A commission from the League of Nations to a nation that allowed it to officially govern another nation without actually owning the territory MANDATE