Jan Willem Duyvendak Studium Generale Wageningen September 19th, 2018 The Consequences of Nationalism. The Rise of Progressive Nativism in the Netherlands Jan Willem Duyvendak Studium Generale Wageningen September 19th, 2018

A Multicultural, Progressive, Tolerant Country? No multicultural policies History of pillarization: the Netherlands as one of the most conservative and religous countries in Western Europe till 1960s The enormous impact of the 1960s: liberation and secularization After 1960s: increasing cultural consensus (a superdiverse society?) Pivotal role for gender and sexuality From tolerant to intolerant monoculturalism The culturalization of citizenship

Gender and Sexuality 94 % of the Dutch in favour of gay marriage All political parties -including the far-right populists, the Christian-Democrats and right-wing liberals- strongly supportive for gender and sexuality equality (at least on a discursive level) In opposition to Muslims who are supposed to be against gender and sexual equality LGBT and women’s rights as the core of Dutch identity, of Dutch nativism No place for Muslim LGBTs or Muslim feminists

Forms of Nativism Religious nativism (instead of Islamophobia) Populist nativism (instead of populism) Racist nativism (instead of racism)

Putting the Dutch in Perspective The Netherlands as a radical case But same tendencies in many European countries: the return of the native Some more in terms of gender equality, others more focused on (homo)sexuality Part of a global polarization: North-West versus South-East Gender and sexual equality not in terms of universal human rights but in ‘North-Western/modern’ versus ‘South-Eastern/traditional’