Start-up for Monday, March 3, 2014 1. Summarize Natural Selection. 2. Complete the table identifying the three parts of Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Theory Part What does it mean? Example

Ch. 15-3 Evidence of Evolution Objectives: Students will: A) Compare artificial selection (selective breeding) to natural selection B) List the four pieces of evidence of evolution that Darwin identified. C) Summarize how each supports the evolution theory.

A) Compare artificial selection (selective breeding) to natural selection nature provides variation, humans select variations that are useful. Example - a farmer breeds only his best livestock

A) Compare artificial selection (selective breeding) to natural selection The traits that help an organism survive in a particular environment are “selected” in natural selection Nature provides variation, nature selects variations that are useful. Animals breed on their own

Evidence of Evolution Fossil Record B) List the four pieces of evidence of evolution that Darwin identified. Evidence of Evolution Fossil Record Geographic Distribution of Living Species Homologous Body structures Similarities in Embryology

1. The Fossil Record Fossil Record provides evidence of evolution C) Summarize how each supports the evolution theory. 1. The Fossil Record Fossil Record provides evidence of evolution Fossils show change over time Supports Survival of the Fittest and Descent with Modification = Common Descent

Relative vs. Absolute Dating C) Summarize how each supports the evolution theory. 1. The Fossil Record Relative vs. Absolute Dating

1. The Fossil Record Relative Dating C) Summarize how each supports the evolution theory. 1. The Fossil Record Relative Dating Determines fossil’s relative age Estimates fossil age compared to other fossils Drawback = no info about age in years

Absolute Dating 1. The Fossil Record C) Summarize how each supports the evolution theory. 1. The Fossil Record Absolute Dating Determines absolute age in numbers Performed by radioactive dating Drawback - part of the fossil is destroyed during the test

Primate Fossils Australopithecus Homo erectus Homo sapien

Australopithecus afarensis

Homo habilis = handy human 1.5 to 2 mya Homo erectus 1.6 mya Homo habilis = handy human 1.5 to 2 mya bipedal

Cro-Magnon 35,000 to 40,000 ya Neanderthals 35,000 to 100,000 ya http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/chauvet/en/

(fully modern fossils 100,000 ya) Modern Homo sapien (fully modern fossils 100,000 ya)

Primate Brain Capacity

Primate Bone structure

2. Geographic Distribution of Living Species C) Summarize how each supports the evolution theory. Beaver 2. Geographic Distribution of Living Species Beaver Muskrat Beaver and Muskrat Coypu Capybara Coypu and Capybara NORTH AMERICA Muskrat Similar animals with different lines of descent Similar environmental pressures result in similar species Supports Struggle for Existence and Survival of the Fittest Capybara SOUTH AMERICA Coypu

3. Homologous Body Structures C) Summarize how each supports the evolution theory. Turtle 3. Homologous Body Structures Alligator Turtle Primitive Fish Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues Supports Descent with Modification Alligator Bird Bird Mammals

Homologous Body Structures

Vestigial Organs traces of homologous organs in other species Organ that serves no useful function

4. Similarities in Embryology C) Summarize how each supports the evolution theory. 4. Similarities in Embryology In the early stages of development, different species look similar Supports Descent with Modification = evidence of common ancestry.

STAR Question Which of the following embryos is the oldest STAR Question Which of the following embryos is the oldest? Why do you think it is the oldest? 14 Days 11 Days 12 Days 10 Days

Understanding Check 1. Who or what chooses how organisms mate in artificial selection? 2. Who or what chooses how organisms mate in natural selection? 3. List the 4 pieces of evidence for evolution. 4. What is a worthless organ called?