Michelle Papayannakos Sustainability Specialist RSSB Company

Becoming Carbon Smart: Cutting carbon in rail infrastructure Michelle Papayannakos 16 January 2019

Look towards the future Agenda Why carbon? Capital carbon RSSB Rail Carbon Tool Case studies Look towards the future

Why? Why carbon? Why take action?

Why carbon?

The case for action: HM Treasury “Infrastructure Carbon Review” 2013 “The Infrastructure Carbon Review sets out a series of actions for government, clients and suppliers to reduce carbon from the construction and operation of the UK’s infrastructure assets, in line with the UK’s climate change commitments.” The report clearly states: “Leading clients and their supply chains have already achieved reductions in capital carbon of up to 39 per cent, and 34 per cent in operational carbon. These reductions in carbon have been achieved in association with average reductions in Capex of 22 per cent” “Reducing carbon reduces costs”

The case for capital carbon reduction Can’t take statement “reducing carbon reduces cost” at face value To achieve the cost reductions whole life carbon measurement needs to be implemented correctly Embodied carbon reduction opportunity can only be taken upfront Once the project is constructed it’s too late

Cutting carbon just makes sense Supports environmental ambitions Delivers cost reductions Promotes innovation Carbon smart Achieve long-term reductions in carbon emissions through improved energy efficiency, new power sources and modal shift.

Carbon measurement: Sources of emission in the rail industry

Carbon measurement: Standards and requirements EN 15978:2011: Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of environmental performance of buildings — Calculation method EN 15804:2012: Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Core rules for the product category of construction products Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) PAS 2050:2011 Version - Product carbon footprint standard from BSI. Linked to Carbon Trust Carbon Reduction Label World Resources Institute: GHG Protocol for Products HM Treasury Infrastructure Carbon Review, 2013 PAS 2080 – Carbon Management in Infrastructure – May 2016 BREEAM/CEEQUAL

PAS 2080 “Carbon Management in Infrastructure” PAS = Publicly Available Specification Released May 2016 Focusses on reducing carbon emissions in infrastructure assets On a whole life carbon basis (embodied + operational) Good framework for reduction of rail whole life carbon

Top Use Tips – PAS 2080

RSSB Rail Carbon Tool

RSSB Rail Carbon Tool: Purpose Provide accessible, easy to use, central and consistent tool for carbon footprint calculation and analysis to facilitate development of low carbon rail infrastructure. Free to use Web based Flexible format Enables identification on low carbon options Enables direct knowledge sharing

Carbon calculation and analysis tool for development of low carbon infrastructure: Direct Benefits Forecast carbon performance of new infrastructure Identify carbon ‘hot spots’ Drive identification of alternative low carbon options Compare alternative options Identify best low carbon solutions Monitor performance / compare design with as-built

Rail Carbon Tool: Direct Benefits Clear, quick, informative results – maximises carbon reduction potential Project teams immediately engaged due to transparency and format Free use – no commercial limitations Accessible by all and totally secure Central library of carbon factor and rail data sets Enables immediate knowledge sharing

Rail Carbon Tool: Project and Sustainability Benefits Extensive project wide sustainability benefits as solutions to carbon reduction, e.g. Less materials use Waste reduction More collaborative working Lower maintenance Less lineside neighbour disturbance

Key functionality of the tool Calculation: clear, project specific calculation of carbon footprints, at all levels Analysis: comparison of multiple options, at all levels with direct data analysis Graphing Options evaluation / selection: direct mechanism for Highlighting carbon hot spots Identifying performance differences between options Driving low carbon innovation

Data Directly uses existing design, construction and operation data Materials, transportation, construction, operation, maintenance All data can be directly shared

Applications All infrastructure Design: value engineering, design development, options selection Construction performance monitoring and management Operation and maintenance performance planning and management

Scope All life cycle stages PAS 2080 / BS EN 15978 Single limitation: availability of project data and carbon factors

Outputs On-screen data and graphs for low carbon innovation Reporting - PDF outputs for auditing / formal reporting Publish performance improvement, e.g. CEEQUAL evidence PDF outputs for auditing / formal reporting Spreadsheet outputs Off-line data analysis

Case studies

East West Rail Phase 2 Initial findings carbon analysis findings Security (palisade) fencing (35%) Alternative materials Consolidating fencing Track (25%) Low whole life carbon alternatives (HP335) Reinforced concrete sleepers (18%) Trialling low carbon sleeper? Signalling (copper) power cable (5%) Cable troughing (5%) Supplier mini-competition

HS2 Total carbon footprint (tCO2e) – 60 years operation

The Greater West Carbon analysis Flexible design Thinner masts Foundation depths Foundation types Low-carbon concrete

The future Publicise the positive Encourage others Work together Learn the lessons Adapt and change Standardised scope > Benchmarks PAS 2080 EPDs (Environmental Product Declarations) Bath ICE v3.0 BIM Level 2 Embedded into the rail industry as business as usual Enabling the delivery of Sustainability Strategies Influencing Design & Material specifications

Thank you www.railindustrycarbon.com