Resistant viral variants in cellular reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus infection  O. Turriziani, M. Andreoni, G. Antonelli  Clinical Microbiology and Infection  Volume 16, Issue 10, Pages 1518-1524 (October 2010) DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03329.x Copyright © 2010 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 1 Main cellular reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug-resistant variants in the blood compartment. Following HIV-1 binding to different blood cells, the viral genome is reverse transcribed into DNA. Infection of activated CD4+ T-cells leads to pronounced production of virions, and eventually to cell death, because of either the cytopathic effect (CPE) of the virus or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity. Two populations of resting CD4+ T-cells exist, the naïve and the memory cells. It has been hypothesized that the memory CD4+ T-cells, which carry the pro-virus, are infected while they are in the process of reverting to the resting state. On activation, these cells are able to release the drug-resistant archived variants. The contribution of naïve cells to the dissemination of the virus is less clear. In monocytes, HIV-1 replicates at low levels, and infection has no impact on monocyte viability. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2010 16, 1518-1524DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03329.x) Copyright © 2010 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions