Chapter 2 (A): Biological Bases of Behavior

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2 (A): Biological Bases of Behavior A.P. Psychology

How are human thought and behavior affected by the following: Essential Question How are human thought and behavior affected by the following: The Nervous System The Endocrine System The Brain Genetics

Chapter 2 (A): The Neuron A.P. Psychology

Do-Now (Discussion) What is Biological Psychology? What parts of the body do Biological Psychologists primarily study? In understanding psychology, why do you think it is important to understand biological processes?

Biological Psychology A branch of Psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior Biological Psychologists: Behavioral Neuroscientists Neuropsychologists Behavior Geneticists Physiological Psychologists Biopsychologists

Biological Psychology

The Neuron Neuron: Nerve cell Basic building block of the nervous system

The Neuron Types of Neurons: Sensory Neurons: Motor Neurons: Carry incoming information from sensory receptors to the brain/spinal cord E.g. Perceiving something as “hot” Motor Neurons: Carry outgoing information from the brain/spinal cord to the muscles/glands E.g. Clenching a fist Interneurons: Located within the brain/spinal cord Communicate internally between sensory inputs and motor outputs E.g. Reflexes

The Neuron Provide an example of information that sensory neurons may transmit. Provide an example of information that motor neurons may transmit. Provide an example of information that interneurons may transmit.

Parts of the Neuron

The Firing of a Neuron Neurons transmit messages when stimulated by our senses, or triggered by chemicals of other neurons Resting Potential: Fluid interior of axon: negatively charged ions Fluid exterior of axon membrane: positively charged ions Threshold: Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse (action potential) Excitatory signals (accelerator) minus inhibitory signals (brakes) must reach minimum intensity Action Potential: Neural impulse Depolarization occurs Brief electrical charge that travels down an axon “All-or-None” Response

The Firing of a Neuron

Review What is a neuron? Differentiate between the 3 types of neurons: Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Interneurons Discuss the functions of the following parts of the neuron: Dendrites Axon Myelin Sheath Terminal Branches What causes neurons to fire?

Homework Research Study # 2: “More Experience = Bigger Brain” (Pgs. 11-18) Chapter 2 A Quiz: “The Neuron”