Li-ion batteries and applications Baterías de iones de litio y aplicaciones Davide Andrea Elithion Inc. Volume 1: Batteries Ch 4: Cell arrangement Volúmen 1: Baterias Cap. 4: Arreglo de celdas

Cell arrangement - introduction Arreglo de celdas - introducción Chapter 4.1 Cell arrangement - introduction Arreglo de celdas - introducción Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction

Basic cell arrangements Arreglos básicos de celdas Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction

Arrangement notation Notación del arreglo Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction

Specifications for each arrangement Especificaciones para cada arreglo Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction

Module arrangement Arreglo de módulos Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction

Module and cell arrangement Arreglo de módulos y celdas Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction

Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction Weak cell Celda débil Low capacity High series resistance High self-discharge current Low Coulombic efficiency Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction

Battery operating point Punto de funcionamiento de una batería Buffer battery Amortiguador Energy, power Batería de energía, poder Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction

Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction Buffer battery operating range Gama de operación por una batería amortiguadora Simétrico Symmetrical Asymmetrical Asimétrico Ch 4.1: Cell arrangement - Introduction

Cell arrangement - Series strings Arreglo de celdas - Cadenas en serie Chapter 4.2 Cell arrangement - Series strings Arreglo de celdas - Cadenas en serie Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Current in a series string Corriente en una cadena en serie Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Current to individual cells Corriente a celdas individuales Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string Protecting cells in a series string Protección de las celdas en una una cadena en serie Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Voltage sharing Compartimiento de tensión Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Mismatched cells in series Celdas no coincidentes en serie Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

String capacity and SoC Capacidad y SoC de cadenas Discharge Availability Charge Acceptance string_capacity [Ah] = DA [Ah] + CA [Ah] string_SoC [%] = = 100 * DA [Ah] / string_capacity [Ah] Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Balance of 6 cells in series Balance de seis celdas en serie Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string 3-cell string, equal capacity, balanced Cadena de 3 celdas de igual capacidad, balanceada Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string 3-cell string, equal capacity, unbalanced Cadena de 3 celdas de igual capacidad, desbalanceada Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string 3-cell string, unequal capacity, unbalanced Cadena de 3 celdas, capacidad desigual, desbalanceada Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Top-balanced string Cadena balanceada en la cima Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Mid-balanced string Cadena balanceada en el centro Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string Buffer battery, balance point = ref SoC Batería amortiguadora, punto de balance = Estado de Carga de referencia Both at 50 % Ambos al 50% Both at 30 % Ambos al 30% Both at 30 % Ambos al 30% Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string Buffer battery, balance point ≠ ref SoC Batería amortiguadora, punto de balance ≠ Estado de Carga de referencia Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Imbalance detection Detección de desbalance Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Normal causes for imbalance Causas normales de desbalance Self-discharge Autodescarga Cycling Durante ciclos Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string Balancing Balanceo Required balancing current Balancing methods and time Cases where balancing is not required Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Cell voltage reversal Inversión de voltaje de una celda Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string Direct connection to capacitive load Conexión directa a carga capacitiva Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Charging a series string Carga de una cadena en serie a) Top balanced; b) Imbalanced, fixed charger; c) Imbalanced, remotely configurable charger. Ch 4.2: Cell arrangement - Series string

Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks Chapter 4.3 Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks Arreglo de celdas - Bloques en paralelo Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks

Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks Equal paths for all parallel cells Rutas iguales por todas las celdas en paralelo Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks

Mismatched cells in parallel Celdas no coincidentes en paralelo Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks

Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks Many small cells in parallel vs 1 large cell Muchas celdas pequeñas en paralelo vs una celda grande Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks

Maximum inrush current Máxima irrupción de corriente Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks

Maximum inrush current Máxima irrupción de corriente Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks

Worst case inrush current Peor caso de irrupción de corriente Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel blocks

Worst case inrush current Peor caso de irrupción de corriente Ch 4.3: Cell arrangement - Parallel block

Cell arrangement - Parallel-first Arreglo de celdas - Paralelo-primero Chapter 4.4 Cell arrangement - Parallel-first Arreglo de celdas - Paralelo-primero Ch 4.4: Cell arrangement - Parallel-first

Parallel-first arrangement Arreglo paralelo-primero Ch 4.4: Cell arrangement - Parallel-first

Fuse per cell Un fusible para cada celda Ch 4.4: Cell arrangement - Parallel-first

Cell arrangement - Series-first Arreglo de celdas - Serie-primero Chapter 4.5 Cell arrangement - Series-first Arreglo de celdas - Serie-primero Ch 4.5: Cell arrangement - Series-first

Ch 4.5: Cell arrangement - Series-first Comparison: number of voltage taps Comparación: número de grifos de voltaje Ch 4.5: Cell arrangement - Series-first

Effect of low capacity cells Efecto de celdas de baja capacidad Ch 4.5: Cell arrangement - Series-first

Effect of high resistance cells Efecto de celdas de alta resistencia Ch 4.5: Cell arrangement - Series-first

High resistance cell under load Celda de alta resistencia bajo carga Ch 4.5: Cell arrangement - Series-first

Perceived advantages Méritos percibidos Ch 4.5: Cell arrangement - Series-first

Fuse per string Un fusible para cada cadena Ch 4.5: Cell arrangement - Series-first

Cell arrangement - Other Arreglo de celdas - Otros Chapter 4.6 Cell arrangement - Other Arreglo de celdas - Otros Ch 4.6: Cell arrangement - Other

Complex arrangements Arreglos complejos 7S5P2S (2S2P)(3S2P)(2S2P) Ch 4.6: Cell arrangement - Other