Section 4 Reformation Ideas Spread

I. The Reformation after Luther A. Mid 1500’s –several people adopted Luther’s ideas and several other Protestant groups formed B. Protestant refers to Christians that separated from the Catholic Church C. Many of these churches developed because people disagreed with the teachings or methods of the Catholic Church

II. Other Religious Movements A. John Calvin began Preaching in the 1500’s in Switzerland. He had been forced to flee to France (Calvinism) 1. He taught Martin Luther’s ideas plus the idea of predestination and that faith alone saves 2. Predestination means that God had determined long ago who would be saved (the elect)

3. He also taught that leading a disciplined life and being devoted to God helped to show if you were part of that elect going to heaven. (Pilgrims/Puritans) 4. Calvinists followed a strict code of moral behavior and the church council enforced those laws and others

B. Ulrich Zwingli of Switzerland formed a church in the 1520’s 1 B. Ulrich Zwingli of Switzerland formed a church in the 1520’s 1. he urged Christians to study their Bible on their own and to deepen their faith 2. He taught that the Bible contained all religious truth 3. followers were Zwinglians

C. Anabaptists formed during the 1520’s among a dissatisfied group of Zwinglians 1. followed a stricter moral code than the Calvinists 2. Preached against the idea of infant baptism, only older people could have the faith that baptism required 3. Taught that the world was full of sinners. True Christians should separate themselves and form their own community 4. Were widely harassed because of their views and many were executed. Others escaped to Holland and Poland (now called the Amish)

Henry III

Henry’s wives

III. Church of England / Anglican Church The Church was formed for NO religious reason at all King Henry VIII of England applied to the Pope to officially end hi marriage to Catherine (wanted a son-their only surviving child was a girl. Wanted to marry another woman) The Pope refused to grant the divorce (rare). So , in 1534, Henry broke away from Catholic Church and formed the Church of England

D. Henry said the Pope no longer had authority over Him and England D. Henry said the Pope no longer had authority over Him and England. All of England would now go to his church. 1. No more tax money sent to Catholic Church 2. New church resembled CC in terms of ceremony and only difference was Henry was the leader of it not the Pope

E. The Rest of the Story A. Henry VIII would go on to marry 5 more women. He would behead 2 of them , He would divorce another, one would ide and the last would outlive him. B. His 3 children would lead England after his death and have a great impact on the government and religion C. Edward VI , his only son, was sickly and didn’t want to rule. He made no changes in religion or politics

Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I

4. Mary I (Bloody Mary) –Child of first wife and raised Catholic 4. Mary I (Bloody Mary) –Child of first wife and raised Catholic. She forced all of England to go back to Catholicism or be killed (beheaded many). Eventually she died of cancer 5. Elizabeth I –Henry’s youngest daughter is considered the best ruler England ever hd. She allowed the people to choose the faith they wanted . Catholic or Church of England

IV. The Catholic Church Reforms The Protestant Reformation was a major challenge to the Church-result was the Church carried out its own reforms in the mid-1500’s Changes made by the Church were called the Catholic Reformation or the Counter Reformation. 1540- The Society of Jesus was founded Religious order led by Ignatius Loyola The members were called Jesuit priests and they worked to build Church strength in S. Europe and spread Catholic teachings to newly discovered people

D. Pope Paul III called for the Council of Trent in 1542 D. Pope Paul III called for the Council of Trent in 1542. The council worked to expose corrupt church practices and return the focus to matters of religion and spirituality E. The church also worked to stop the spread of Protestantism F. The Counter Reformation helped to correct church abuses but it COULD NOT STOP the spread of Protestantism. NO ONE SINGLE RELIGION WOULD DOMINATE all of Europe again***********