Living in the Ottoman Empire Directions: Create a chart of pros and cons about living in the Ottoman Empire using p.578-579 and Ottomans, The New Champions of Islam Handout. Pros Cons

The Ottoman Empire Empire of Faith: Ottomans (0:00-4:10)

The Ottomans:#1 Turkish speaking from Central Asia Muslim The last great Islamic empire in the world (1300-1900)

Osman I (1280-1324)#2 founded Ottomans Ghazis: Muslim warriors who would conquer lands for plunder, glory, and to spread Islam Ghazis took control of old Seljuk territories, and expanded into Christian-held lands

The Ottomans Osman I and his Ghazi Warriors

Civil Service and Social Structure Devshirme – 4:10 – 11:00 Practice of taking of young Christian boys, converting them to Islam, and training them for positions in either: a) military – “Men of the Sword” b) civil service – “Men of the Pen” Men of Husbandry - Farming Men of Negotiations – merchants #3

Civil Service and Social Structure Janissaries were trained as elite infantry in the Ottoman military Vizier High-ranking advisor to the Sultan. Often came from the devshirme system #3

Sultan Mehmet II (1400) #4 Mehmet II – 11:00 - 12:55 Story of Mankind – Siege of Constantinople conquered Constantinople 1453 renamed it Istanbul (new capital) Istanbul (not Constantinople) – Muppets or Actual Song Effects #4 ends Byzantine Empire (1000 year Empire) Ottoman control of trade #5 European sea exploration for trade routes to east to avoid the Ottomans

Expansion Under their leader, Mehmet II, the Ottomans besiege and capture Constantinople 1453 This is a serious blow, as well as a threat, to Christian Europe. Ottomans were the first to use large numbers of muskets and cannons, which gave them military and technological superiority #5 Cannons and Strategy 13:15-16:25 Early 16th-century Ottoman volley gun

Siege of Constantinople

Expansion The Ottomans then begin to expand eastward into Muslim-controlled territory Selim the Grim comes to power in 1512 after murdering his father and brothers (1512–1520) Selim was an effective Sultan and General Sultan: Ruler in a Muslim country

Expansion Selim captures Arabia, Palestine, Persia, Syria, and sections of Egypt. Captures the holy cities of Mecca and Medina Ottomans now control much of the territory of the original Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates Turkish Sultans would later take the title of caliph, giving them religious authority

Ottoman Expansion

What was the source of Ottoman power? #5

1. Skillful Government and bureaucracy: refers to the administrative system governing any large institution

2. Control of Trade Location Control of the Waterways

3. Wealth from trade and taxes

The lavishly decorated throne room of Topkapi Palace, home to Ottoman rulers until the early 20th century.

4. Superior technology (the benefit of diffusion)

Golden Age Sultan Suleiman I (1520-1566) #6

Suleiman the Magnificent Suleiman 21:29 – 24:48 and 27:00 – 33:00 Ottoman Empire reaches its height under Selim’s son, Suleiman. Suleiman rules for 46 years, from 1520 to 1566 #6

Suleiman the Magnificent His was sometimes called Suleiman the Lawgiver or Suleiman the Magnificent. Suleiman was also a great general. His armies conquered much of southern Europe (The Balkans) and North Africa – expands empire Expansion is finally stopped when he lays siege to Vienna, but fails to capture it.

Living in the Ottoman Empire Pros and Cons (see chart)

Living in the Ottoman Empire Directions: Create a chart of pros and cons about living in the Ottoman Empire using p.578-579 and Ottomans, The New Champions of Islam Handout. Pros Cons

Sultan Suleiman I Magnificent or Lawgiver #6 skillful gov’t, bureaucracy Shariah - Timar (land grants) Reforms to improve gov’t, justice and economy Tolerance - millets: Self governing; non-Muslim communities but loyalty to Sultans #7 Improved lives of slaves art, literature, architecture “Turkish style” (minarets) Domed Mosque Devshirme Prosperous people=more taxes Social Structure – set Men of the Pen Men of the Sword Ruled with absolute power By 1540 rule ½ “civilized world” decline = inflation/poverty surrenders

Civil Service and Social Structure Millets #7 Provinces of the empire were allowed their own local government. Non-Muslim communities were loyal to sultan but were ruled by own religious leaders Included Jews, Armenians, Orthodox Christians

Currently a Museum, formerly an Imperial Mosque (1453–1931) and Roman Catholic Cathedral (1204–1261); originally constructed as an Eastern Orthodox Cathedral (562–1204, 1261–1453). Hagia Sophia, Istanbul 

Suleymaniye Mosque Istanbul, Turkey

The "Blue Mosque" of Sultan Amet I in Istanbul, Turkey The "Blue Mosque" of Sultan Amet I in Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by the architect Mehemed Aja and built between 1609 and 1616 A.D. The sultan wanted his mosque to rival, if not surpass, the splendor of Hagia Sophia. This gem of Islamic architecture is known as the "Blue Mosque" because of the use of that color in the tiles and frescoes that decorate its interior walls. It has six minarets, a unique configuration.

Chief Rivals: Safavids #8 Abbas the Great (shah: Persian King #10 ) 1587 – 1629 – Ruled during Golden age #10 Persia (present day Iran) Capital: Isfahan welcomed outside influence Trade and commerce Disputes: #9 Control of Mesopotamia Religious: Safavids: Shiite Ottomans: Sunni (Safavid from Islam DVD)

Ottoman Empire in Decline #11 The Europeans destroyed their strengths.

Ottoman Strength #1: Control of trade. Europeans all water route to Asia Around Africa

Ottoman Strength #2: Wealth Discovery of the Americas fantastic wealth for Europe from Aztec and Inca gold and silver.

Ottoman Strength #3: Technology Industrial Revolution surpassed the Ottoman superiority in technology especially in production of weapons

The Empire Ends #12 Three reasons:

Nationalism: People ruled by the Ottomans wanted independence (Internal Force) Europeans: Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians, Greeks. Arabs

2. European Imperialism (External Force) Industrial revolution = need for raw materials European industries wanted new markets Large Military forces to control trade = Navy

3. Competition between European nations led to WWI in 1914

Causes of WWI 1914-1918 Causes Video Rise of Nationalism in Europe Competition for Colonies Arms races and militarism Alliances

The Ottomans sided with Central Powers (Germany) and lost The Ottomans sided with Central Powers (Germany) and lost. Treaty of Versailles On June 28, 1919, Germany and the Allied Nations (including Britain, France, Italy and Russia) signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the war

WWI Effects on Arabs Angered by Treaty/agreement: Why? Promises were made and broken to Arabs about setting up independent Arab Kingdoms for revolting against Ottoman rule Arab land was divided up between the British and French Sykes-Picot Agreement Mandates: A territory administered but not owned by a member of the League of Nations.

Mandates A territory administered but not owned by a member of the League of Nations.

Turkey becomes a nation (1923) Treaty of Lausanne