Ch. 1.4 New Patterns of Civilization: 6th – 16th centuries Unification of the Islamic World & Development of Democracy in Europe in the Middle Ages

I. The World of Islam In the 7th C., Muhammad spread a new faith: Islam, meaning “submission to Allah” Born in Mecca in 570CE While meditating on social problems in 610, a voice spoke to him & he preached those words to others Collected & written as the Quran Muhammad’s teachings known as the Hadith

Faith open to all (equality) Promise of reward at Day of Judgment Hadith included the 5 Pillars (belief, prayer, charity, fasting & pilgrimage) Faith open to all (equality) Promise of reward at Day of Judgment Faith united the Middle East & spread: N. Africa, Spain, Iraq, Iran, India, SE Asia Shared values w/ Jews & Christians: “People of the book” God’s will & an individual relationship w/ God http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/byzantium/time.html

II. Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1500 Charlemagne (Charles the Great) Germanic king who conquered Italy & in 800 went to Rome to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III Signaled the revival of the Roman Empire in the West His rule helped define Western Europe & the Middle Ages: transition b/w ancient & modern worlds 1st ruler of a unified W. Europe since Rome fell (476) Feudalism developed after his death in 814 Power belonged to nobles/lords who controlled political, economic, & social life Coronation of Charlemagne http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/santiago/histchrl.html http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/videos#the-reign-of-charlemagne (VIDEO)

III. England in the High Middle Ages, 1000-1300 Bayeaux Tapestry William of Normandy, ruled as King of England (1066-1087), known as the Norman conquest (Battle of Hastings) All nobles & citizens had to swear loyalty to the King By 12th C., under Henry II (1154-1189) King expanded royal power by expanding power of royal courts Common law replaced local law codes William the Conqueror Norman Architecture Henry II http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/bayeux.htm

C. The Magna Carta, 1215 Nobles rebelled against King John b/c he raised taxes to pay for wars he lost against France Forced to sign the M.C., which limited the King’s power Guarantees included: Clause 12: no taxation w/o consent Clause 39: Due Process

D. Beginnings of Parliament, 13th C. Legislative body arose under Edward I in 1295 2 House Chamber: House of Lords (upper) House of Commons (lower) Created a balance of power b/w king & parliament

IV. Renaissance & Reformation, 14th-16th C. Vitruvian Man, 1490. Relating man to nature – a study in mathematical proportion. He believed the workings of the body were analogous to the workings of the universe. [Encyclopedia Britannica]. Italian Renaissance Reconnection w/ Greco-Roman ideals, focus on knowledge, humanism – living well in the here & now, rather than the afterlife New techniques in art & architecture, questioning faith & the Church The dissemination of ideas: the printing press (Gutenberg, 1450s)

B. The Protestant Reformation, 16th Century Martin Luther’s 95 Theses, 1517 Critical of corruption in the Church, especially of the selling of indulgences, led to a split in the Church: Protestant & Catholic