CELL PARTS

ANIMAL CELLS

PLANT CELLS

ORGANELLE A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function. The name organelle comes from the idea that these structures are to cells what an organ is to the body.

CYTOPLASM Both plant/animal Clear, thick, jellylike material Supports/protects cell organelles

NUCLEUS Both plant/animal Large, oval Controls cell activities

NUCLEOLUS Both plant/animal The nucleolus is a knot of chromatin Chromatin is DNA in its active form Made of protein and nucleic acids Site where ribosomes are made

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE Both plant/animal Surrounds nucleus Selectively permeable Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus

CHROMOSOMES Both plant/animal An organized structure of DNA and protein Single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes Controls activities of the cell Pass on traits/blueprint for life

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Both plant/animal Network of tubes or membranes Carries materials through cell Internal delivery system

RIBOSOMES Both plant/animal Small bodies free or attached to E.R. Produce proteins

MITOCHONDRIA Both plant/animal Bean-shaped with inner membranes Breaks down sugar molecules into energy ATP

VACUOLE Plant – few/large Animal – small Fluid-filled sacs Store food, water, waste (plants need to store large amounts of food)

CELL MEMBRANE Both plant/animal Plant – inside cell wall Animal – outer layer; cholesterol Selectively permeable Support and protection Controls movement of materials in/out of cell Barrier between cell and its environment Maintains homeostasis AKA – plasma membrane

CELL WALL Plant, not animal Outer layer Rigid, strong, stiff Made of cellulose Support (grow tall) Protection Allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell

CHLOROPLASTS Plant, not animal Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment) Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis)

LYSOSOMES Plant – uncommon Animal – common Small, round, with a membrane Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules Digests old cell parts

CENTRIOLES Animal, not plant The walls of each centriole are usually composed of nine triplets of microtubules (protein of the cytoskeleton). Play a role in cell division

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Organelles are small structures within cells that perform dedicated functions. As the name implies, you can think of organelles as small organs. These organelles allow the cell to function properly. The function of each organelle is directly related to its structure.