Cell Theory Standards and Expectations! Compare and contrast the functions and organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Part 1) COMPLETE! Describe the role of ribosomes, ER, and Golgi in the production and packaging of proteins (Part 2) Explain how materials move into and out of a cell (Part 3) Describe how carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids function in the cell. (Part 4)

Cell Theory Part 2 Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, and ER play integral roles in the production and packaging of proteins Ribosomes – produce proteins by reading the genetic code and connecting amino acids ER – rough has ribosomes, smooth does not. An extensive membranous network continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. Golgi Apparatus – stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the ER and make some products (non cellulose carbs)

Cell Theory Part 2 Ribosomes Made of Ribosomal RNA and protein Carries out protein synthesis Cells that have a high rate of protein synthesis have a high amount of ribosomes There are free (in the cytoplasm) and bound (on the ER) ribosomes. Free ribosomes tend to make enzymes kept within the cell Bound ribosomes make proteins to be sent to the plasma membrane or to be packaged in other organelles.

Cell Theory Part 2 Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Reads genetic code (MRNA) to connect amino acids to make proteins Present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Cell Theory Part 2 Antibiotics interfere with bacterial ribosomes causing protein production to stop.

Cell Theory Part 2 OPEN DISCUSSION TIME! Antibiotic resistant bacteria has become a real issue due to patients failing to finish their course of antibiotics. How do you think strains of bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? What could happen to a patient if he/she does not finish their course of antibiotics for a bacterial infection? Viruses inject their own RNA into cells and use those ribosomes to make their proteins. Why is it that antibiotics do not work on viruses?

Cell Theory Part 2 Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranous folded stack that is a continuation of the nuclear membrane Rough and Smooth each have different functions Rough ER contains ribosomes which are utilized in protein synthesis and preparing proteins for secretion. Smooth ER primarily involves lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism SER is also involved intracellular transport of compounds to other parts of the cell such as the ER and Golgi apparatus

Cell Theory Part 2 ER and SER

Cell Theory Part 2 ER and SER Why would the ER be so close to the nucleus? What could happen if the ER is further away from the nucleus? What complications would arise if a genetic disorder caused a malfunction of the ER as well as ribosomes?

Cell Theory Part 2 RER, SER and Ribosomes Why would the RER be so close to the nucleus? What could happen if the RER is further away from the nucleus? What complications would arise if a genetic disorder caused a malfunction of the RER as well as ribosomes?

Cell Theory Part 2 Golgi Apparatus Series of folded sacs that are relatively close to the plasma membrane Modifies, packages, and ships out products produced by the ER out of the cell via vesicles. Products enter the cis face side of the Golgi Apparatus. After modification and packaging, products leave the Golgi via the trans face. Enzymes in the Golgi modify lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins as needed.

Cell Theory Part 2 Golgi Apparatus

Cell Theory Part 2 Golgi Apparatus Brain cells have a high number of Golgi apparatus organelles. What does this say about brain cells and how they function? Many neurological disorders are associated with failure of the Golgi apparatus in neurons (brain cells). What do you think are examples of failures of the Golgi?

Cell Theory Part 2 CONCLUSION! Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, and ER play integral roles in the production and packaging of proteins Ribosomes – produce proteins by reading the genetic code and connecting amino acids ER – rough has ribosomes, smooth does not. An extensive membranous network continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. Golgi Apparatus – stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the ER and make some products (non cellulose carbs)

Cell Theory Part 2 TASKS! Compare and contrast the roles of the Golgi Apparatus and the ER. Discuss how antibiotics affect ribosomes and answer the questions that follow. Why is it important for people to finish their course of antibiotics while ill? Why don't antibiotics work on viruses? What would happen in the cell if there was a failure of the vesicle system? Which organelles would be affected and what would that mean for the cell?

Cell Theory Standards and Expectations! Compare and contrast the functions and organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Part 1) COMPLETE! Describe the role of ribosomes, ER, and Golgi in the production and packaging of proteins (Part 2) COMPLETE! Explain how materials move into and out of a cell (Part 3) Describe how carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids function in the cell. (Part 4)