Cellular Organelles SB1.a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.

CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE : What? thin, flexible barrier between cell and environment Fxn Controls what goes in and out of the cell- selectively permeable Where Prok & Euk (Plant & Animal) (ALL)

CELL WALL: What? outermost boundary Fxn: provides support and protection Where? plant cells only

NUCLEUS: What? Contains & protects DNA which is usually all tangled up in the form of CHROMATIN Fxn: controls all functioning of the cell- “brain” – if removed, cell dies. Where? Plant and animal

CHROMOSOMES/Chromatin What? Coiled strands of DNA Fxn: Carry hereditary traits Where? Both plant and animal

NUCLEOLUS: What? dark region inside the nucleus Fxn: Produces ribosomes Where? Plant and Animal

RIBOSOMES What? Look like small dots Free ribosomes- float in cytoplasm Attached ribosomes- connected to Rough ER Fxn: Site of protein synthesis Where? Both Prokaryote and Eukaryote (plant and animals)

CYTOPLASM What? Jellylike material Fxn: Chemical reactions occur here Where Prokaryote AND Eukaryote (plant and animal)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) What? Network of interconnected flattened sacs that are studded with ribosomes. Fxn: Provides a pathway thru which ribosomes make proteins. May enclose products in transport vesicles Where Plant and animal

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) What? No ribosomes, folded network of tubules outside rough ER. Fxn: Lipid Synthesis, detoxification by liver cells, store calcium ions Where? Both plant and animal

GOLGI APPARATUS: What? Stacked, flattened sacs (like pancakes) Fxn: Store, modify, transport macromolecules. Form lysosomes and transport vesicles. Where? Plant and animal

storage areas for food, water, enzymes and wastes VACUOLES: What? Contractile vacuole: pump out excess water in single-celled water dwelling organisms Central vacuole: large vacuole found in plants used for water storage Fxn: storage areas for food, water, enzymes and wastes Where? Plant and animal

LYSOSOME: What? Sac-like structure Fxn: Contain digestive enzymes that digest excess or worn out cell parts, food or invaders- “killer cells” or “suicide sacs” Where? Plant and animal

MITOCHONDRIA: What? Jelly bean shape with inner folds Fxn: “powerhouse” of cell- releases energy from food molecules and turns it into ATP Where? Plant and animal

CHLOROPLASTS: What? Contain green pigment called chlorophyll Fxn: Conversion of light energy to chemical energy of sugars- photosynthesis Where? Plant cells only

CYTOSKELETON What? inside cytoplasm: Microtubules- tube shaped Microfilaments- hair-like Fxn: Help in movement and maintaining shape Where? Plants and animals

FLAGELLA: What: Long tail-like projection that moves in whiplike motion Fxn: movement CILIA: What: Hairlike projections that move in waves outside cell

Centrioles What? Found near the nucleus, made of microtubles Fxn: Used in reproduction of the cell Where? Animal cells only