Proteins Ms Glasgow.

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Presentation transcript:

Proteins Ms Glasgow

Proteins- gps of organic compounds consisting of C, H, O & Sometimes S The monomer is an amino acid The amino acid has a chiral carbon

Peptide Bonding

Categories of Amino Acids

What happens when amino acids reacts with water? Answer: Zwitterion formed (contains separate parts which are +vely & - vely charged) Reason: Internal transfer of a hydrogen ion from the -COOH group to the -NH2 group -> ion with both a -ve charge & a +ive charge In acidic solutions: The -COO- part of the zwitterion picks up a hydrogen ion, resulting in a +vely charged amino acid (Left) In basic solutions: The hydrogen ion is removed from the -NH3+group, resulting in a –vely charged amino acid (right) Conclusion: The zwitterion acts as a pH buffer ( able to resist changes in the pH of its surrounding)

Hydrogen Bonds Formed between R groups w/h are dipoles e.g carboxyl, hydroxyl & amino groups Relatively weak bonds

Ionic Bonds Formed between groups with opposite charge e.g ionised carboxyl and amino groups Bond is stronger than H- bonds

Disulphide Bonds Formed between R groups contain S - atoms e.g cysteine Strong covalent bonds due to oxidation of 2 S – atoms by dehydrogenation

Hydrophobic Interactions Formed with non-polar R groups e.g. tyrosine & valine In aq. Sol’n -> hydrophobic group gathers in the interior away from water while hydrophilic group forms an outer shield towards the water

Protein Structure

Haemoglobin (Globular Protein) Carries O2 in RBC Consists of 4 separate polypeptides 2 alpha (141 aa) & 2 beta chains (146 aa) 1 haem gp with 1 O2 per chain Soluble in water re: hydrophobic side gp inward but hydrophilic side gp outward towards water Sickle cell anaemia <- mutation <- hydrophilic R group is replaced by a hydrophobic R group

Collagen (Fibrous Protein) Component of connective tissues such as tendons & blood vessels & binds inorganic crystals Consists of 3 polypeptide chains Each chain of repetitions of 3 aa (proline, glycine, alanine) Insoluble in water re: long (1000 aa) & hydrophobic R gps Assemble into flexible fibres w/h cannot stretch

Food test

Reducing Sugars

Non-reducing Sugars

Starch

Protein

Lipids