Objective(s): Date: 9/24/2018 TSW explain Newton’s laws of motion. Bellwork: (#29) The rocket experiences a force that pushes it up into the air. Which of the following statements is true? A. The rocket fuel is shot downward with an equal force. B. The rocket exerts an upward force on its fuel. C. The air does not experience any force as the rocket passes through it. D. The rocket has no mass, so it does not accelerate.

Matter The term matter describes all of the physical substances around us: your table, your body, a pencil, water, and so forth

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) Made up of different kinds of atoms

Matter is made of atoms

Atomic Structure Nucleus Protons Neutrons Electrons

The Atom neutrons electrons protons

Atomic Structure Electrons Tiny, very light particles Have a negative electrical charge (-) Move around the outside of the nucleus

Atomic Structure Protons Much larger and heavier than electrons Protons have a positive charge (+) Located in the nucleus of the atom 

Atomic Structure Neutrons Large and heavy like protons Neutrons have no electrical charge Located in the nucleus of the atom 

The Atom

Describing Atoms Atomic Number = number of protons The number of protons gives the atom its NAME In a neutral atom, the # of protons = the number of electrons

Describing Atoms Atomic Mass Number - equal to the number of protons plus neutrons. Therefore, the number of neutrons equal the atomic number subtracted from the atomic mass number.

(Because it has 3 Protons) What is an Atom? Remember that the Number of Protons in the nucleus will determine what atom it is. For example: + What Atom is this? _____________ Lithium (Because it has 3 Protons) 3 p To figure out the mass of this atom, you need to add up all particles with relative mass (Protons & Neutrons) 4 n + 7 MASS of the ATOM

Remember we read the Table Information like this: 47 Ag 107.868 The Atomic Number is the Protons in the Nucleus of the atom. The number of neutrons equal the atomic number subtracted from the atomic mass number.

More Practice Problems Ne Element: _________ Element: _________ Protons: _________ Protons: ________ Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________ Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________ Neon Oxygen 10 8 8 10 10 16

More Practice Problems H Cl Element: _________ Element: _________ Protons: _________ Protons: ________ Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________ Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________ Hydrogen Chlorine 1 17 1 17 18

More Practice Problems He C Element: _________ Element: _________ Protons: _________ Protons: ________ Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________ Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________ Helium Carbon 2 6 2 6 2 6

More Practice Problems K Al Element: _________ Element: _________ Protons: _________ Protons: ________ Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________ Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________ Potassium Aluminum 19 13 19 13 20 14

More Practice Problems Fe Element: _________ Element: _________ Protons: _________ Protons: ________ Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________ Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________ Boron Iron 5 26 5 26 6 30

S Na Practice Problems 16 32 11 23 Sulfur Sodium 16 11 16 11 12 16 Element: _________ Symbol: _________ Protons: _________ Protons: ________ Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________ Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________ Sulfur Sodium 16 11 16 11 12 16

Get ready for your “plicker” question *** It will be graded ***

Date: 9/26/20189/924/2018 Objective(s): TSW describe the ways in which objects can become electrically charged.  TSW distinguish between the two types of electric charge. Bellwork: List the names, charges, and locations of three kinds of particles that make up an atom.

Electric Charge and Static Electricity

Electric Charge All matter is made up of atoms Atoms contain Protons (+) Neutrons (0) Electrons (-) Complete #5 and #6 on pg. 52

Law of Electric Charges

Electric Force The force between the charged objects is an The size of the electric force depends on 2 things: The amount of charge (the greater the charge, the greater the force) The distance between charges (the further the distance, the less the force) Complete # 7 pg . 53

How Can You Charge Objects? There are 3 ways objects can be charged: Friction Induction Conduction **In each of these, only the electrons move. The protons stay in the nucleus** Read pg. 54 and complete #9

Friction Charging by friction occurs when electrons are “wiped” from one object onto another. Ex. If you use a cloth to rub a plastic ruler, electrons move from the cloth to the ruler. The ruler gains electrons and the cloth loses electrons.

Ex #4 1st Hair & balloon are both neutral You rub your hair with a balloon. Explain using words & pictures, why your hair “sticks up”. 1st Hair & balloon are both neutral _ + _ _ + + 2nd Rubber balloon takes negative charges from the hair. So, balloon becomes negatively charged & hair becomes positively charged + _ + _ 3rd Since hair is positive & like charges repel, hair sticks up!!!

Induction Charging by induction happens when charges in an uncharged object are rearranged without touching with a charged object. Ex. If you charge up a balloon through friction and place the balloon near pieces of paper, the charges of the paper will be rearranged and the paper will be attracted to the balloon. TRY IT

Conduction Charging by conduction happens when electrons move from one object to another through direct contact (touching). Ex. Suppose you touch an uncharged piece of metal with a positively charged glass rod. Electrons from the metal will move to the glass rod. The metal loses electrons and becomes positively charged. 

Static Electricity Static electricity is the build up of electrical charge on an object. When something is static, it is not moving. The charges of static electricity do not move away from the object that they are in. So, the object keeps its charge. Ex. Clothes taken out of a dryer

Electric Discharge The loss of static electricity as charges move off an object is called electric discharge. Sometimes, electric discharge happens slowly. Ex: static on clothes Sometimes, electric discharge happens quickly. Ex. wearing rubber-soled shoes on carpet, lightning

Conductors and Insulators An electrical conductor is a material in which charges can move easily. Most metals are good conductors because some of their electrons are free to move. Conductors are used to make wires. For example, a lamp cord has metal wire and metal prongs. Copper, aluminum, and mercury are good conductors.

Conductors and Insulators An electrical insulator is a material in which charges cannot move easily. Insulators do not conduct charges very well because their electrons cannot flow freely. The electrons are tightly held in the atoms of the insulator. The insulating material in a lamp cord stops charges from leaving the wire and protects you from electric shock. Plastic, rubber, glass, wood, and air are good insulators. Read pg. 56 Complete #12

Semiconductors Are special class of materials that conduct electrical charge better than electrical insulators but not as well as electrical conductors. Their properties allow them to be used to control the flow of charge.

Conservation of Charge When you charge something by any method, no charges are created or destroyed. The numbers of electrons and protons stay the same. Electrons simply move from one atom to another, which makes areas that have different charges. Read pg. 57 Complete #12 and 13

Get ready for your “plicker” question *** It will be graded ***

How do charged objects interact with each other? Date: 9/26/20189/924/2018 Objective(s): TSW distinguish between an electrical conductor and an electrical insulator. TSW describe what makes semiconductors so important to today’s electronics. TSW describe the conservation of electric charge. Bellwork: How do charged objects interact with each other?

Date: 9/28/20189/924/2018 Objective(s): TSW participate in an eighth-grade class demonstration of a Van de Graaff generator. TSW discuss how a Van de Graaff generator works. Bellwork: Distinguish between electrical conductors and insulators and give an example of each..

Bellwork: Objective(s): Define: Electric charge Electrical conductor Date: 10/01/20189/924/2018 Objective(s): TSW describe electric current. TSW compare direct to alternating current, and describe some everyday devices that use each. TSW describe voltage and its relationship to electric current. TSW describe resistance and its relationship to electric current. TSW describe factors that can affect resistance. Bellwork: Define: Electric charge Electrical conductor Electrical insulator

You are the Teacher! As a group, you will teach lesson 2. You will be assigned your topic. Your group must teach a lesson and require your students to complete an assignment to reinforce your lesson. Your assignment can be an organizer, a worksheet, a puzzle, etc. Group 1: What is electrical resistance? Group 2: What is electric current? Group 3: What are two kinds of current? Group 4: What is electrical resistance? Group 5: What is electric current Group 6: What are two kinds of current? Group 7: What is electrical resistance? Group 8: What is electric current

Bellwork: Objective(s): How can an object become charged? (3 ways) Date: 10/02/20189/924/2018 Objective(s): TSW describe electric current. TSW compare direct to alternating current, and describe some everyday devices that use each. TSW describe voltage and its relationship to electric current. TSW describe resistance and its relationship to electric current. TSW describe factors that can affect resistance. Bellwork: How can an object become charged? (3 ways)

You are the Teacher! As a group, you will teach lesson 2. You will be assigned your topic. Your group must teach a lesson and require your students to complete an assignment to reinforce your lesson. Your assignment can be an organizer, a worksheet, a puzzle, etc. Group 1: What is electrical resistance? Group 2: What is electric current? Group 3: What are two kinds of current? Group 4: What is electrical resistance? Group 5: What is electric current Group 6: What are two kinds of current? Group 7: What is electrical resistance? Group 8: What is electric current

Bellwork: Objective(s): Date: 10/03/20189/924/2018 Objective(s): TSW describe the parts of an electric circuit. TSW distinguish between open and closed circuits. TSW distinguish between a series circuit and a parallel circuit. Bellwork: What factors affect how strong the electric field is between two charged objects?

Bellwork: Objective(s): Date: 10/04/20189/924/2018 Objective(s): TSW describe the parts of an electric circuit. TSW distinguish between open and closed circuits. TSW distinguish between a series circuit and a parallel circuit Bellwork: What are two kinds of current? How does the current move in each one?

What are two kinds of current? How does the current move in each one? Date: 10/05/20189/924/2018 Objective(s): TSW complete an assessment over Unit 2 lesson 1 and 2. Bellwork: What are two kinds of current? How does the current move in each one?