What factors have led to some countries becoming more globalised than others? What factors have led to some countries becoming more developed than others? Discussion point between pupils – pupils are to use the discussion point to reflect on prior learning.

Key Enquiry Question 3: What are the consequences of globalisation for global development and the physical environment and how should different players respond to its challenges? Lesson 14 LO: To be able to examine how globalisation has complex outcomes for development and the environment at different geographical scales. Concept Checker: 3.7b. Trends in widening inequality, globally and nationally (measured using the Gini Coefficient), suggest globalisation has created winners and losers for people and physical environments between and within developed, emerging and developing economies. 3.7c. Contrasting trends in economic development and environmental management between global regions since 1970 indicate differential progress that can be related to the outcomes from globalisation. Key terms: Gini coefficient Agribusiness

Economic Groupings of Nations High Income Middle Income Low Income Use the card sort task – pupils to take the card sort and place each nation where they think they belong – debrief as a class and have pupils suggest why they placed certain countries in each category.

Explain to pupils that many countries have advanced from low income to middle income status since the 1970s, resulting in a ‘three-speed’ world of developed, emerging and developing economies.

What is happening with inequality?

But what about within nations? There is a growing wealth divide within nations. In China and Indonesia, the majority of people are better off than previous generations when their income is measured in real terms. Yet they are economically worse off than before in relation to the richest members of their society. The Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient are useful analytical tools that can help us explore these patterns and trends further. Have pupils read about the Gini Coefficient from page 201 first – they are then to watch the lecture on how this works with the Lorenz curve (see next slide)

How do the Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient work?

Step 1—Raw Data Adrian $ 90.00 Bob 15.00 Cathy 70.00 Derek 200.00 $ 90.00 Bob 15.00 Cathy 70.00 Derek 200.00 Eddie 125.00 Pupils are then to work through the worksheet to practice the skills focus for creating a Lorenz Curve and calculating the Gini Coefficient

Step 2—Arrange in Ascending Order Bob $15.00 Cathy 70.00 Adrian 90.00 Eddie 125.00 Derek 200.00

Step 3—Find Total Income Bob $ 15.00 Cathy 70.00 Adrian 90.00 Eddie 125.00 Derek 200.00 Total $500.00

Step 4-Find % of Income Bob 15.00 15/500 = 3% Cathy 70.00 70/500 = 14% 15/500 = 3% Cathy 70.00 70/500 = 14% Adrian 90.00 90/500 = 18% Eddie 125.00 125/500 = 25% Derek 200.00 200/500 = 40% Total $500.00

Step 5 – Find Cumulative % of Income Bob 3% Cathy 14% 17% Adrian 18% 35% Eddie 25% 60% Derek 40% 100%

Step 6 - Plot the Data

Step 7 – Find Area Under Lorenz Curve

Calculating the area Area 1 = 0.5 * (0+0.03) *0.2 =

Step 8a - Finding the Gini Coefficient Subtract Area under Lorenz Curve from .5. .5 - .33 = .17 This is the area between perfect equality and Lorenz Curve

Step 8b – Find the Gini Coefficient The Gini Coefficient is found by taking the ratio of the Area capsulated by the area of the right triangle. In this case, .17/.50 or .34. One could simply multiply by 2

Step 9a--Finding the Gini Coefficient Gini shows income disparity A high Gini shows that wealth is concentrated among a few A low Gini shows more equitable distribution

Selected Gini Coefficients

But what about the environment? Using your iPad, go to http://data.worldbank.org/about Experiment with the data sets to produce tables, line graphs and bar graphs showing environmental and development patterns for selected regions and countries. Challenge – have a look over the Gapminder Tools website as well to visualise development data. Describe the trends you find.