Warm-up: 1. What are the origins of the Byzantine Empire. 2 Warm-up: 1. What are the origins of the Byzantine Empire? 2. What was the original role of Constantinople? 3. Why did the Byzantine Empire survive when the Roman Empire collapsed?

The Byzantine Empire under Justinian

The Byzantine Empire Complex bureaucracy and ceremony around the emperor Emperor Justinian 533 ce (and wife Theodora)  law code tries to expand empire to old Roman boundaries  expensive wars Invasions from Sassanids and Germans Hagia Sophia  biggest dome church Nobles had a lot of power and the peasants were heavily taxed, but the govt kept food prices artificially low Slavic kingdoms like Bulgaria sometimes took terr or made alliances with the Byzantines

Art: Domed buildings Mosaics Iconography

Byzantine Politics & Society Many similarities to China divine emperor, head of church and state, court rituals, sometimes women held the throne Rewarded military conquests with land grants military had a lot of power like the nobles Secular education for huge bureaucracy got people from all social classes Traded silk, cloth, carpet, spices all around the Mediterranean Merchants didn’t have much power b/c govt controlled prices

Types of Law 2 Legal subjects 3 Legal systems 2.1 International law 2.2 Constitutional and administrative law 2.3 Criminal law 2.4 Contract law 2.6 Property law 3 Legal systems 3.1 Civil law - the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs. 3.2 Religious law

Discussion Q What is the point of having extensive law codes? Why do law codes become more complex over time? Why did Justinian’s codification of Roman law constitute a reform? (how does it help people) *related* Why do vast empires often have larger/more codified law codes?

BOOK 1. TITLE 1.: CONCERNING THE MOST EXALTED TRINITY AND THE  CATHOLIC FAITH AND PROVIDING THAT NO ONE  SHALL DARE TO PUBLICLY OPPOSE THEM.    1.   We desire that all peoples subject to Our benign Empire shall live under the same religion that the Divine Peter, the Apostle, gave to the Romans, and which the said religion declares was introduced by himself, and which it is well known that the Pontiff Damascus, and Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, a man of apostolic sanctity, embraced; that is to say, in accordance with the rules of apostolic discipline and the evangelical doctrine, we should believe that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit constitute a single Deity, endowed with equal majesty, and united in the Holy Trinity.    (1) We order all those who follow this law to assume the name of Catholic Christians, and considering others as demented and insane, We order that they shall bear the infamy of heresy; and when the Divine vengeance which they merit has been appeased, they shall afterwards be punished in accordance with Our resentment, which we have acquired from the judgment of Heaven.

Book I, Of Persons VIII. Slaves 1. Slaves are in the power of masters, a power derived from the law of nations: for among all nations it may be remarked that masters have the power of life and death over their slaves, and that everything acquired by the slave is acquired for the master.

Book II, Of Things I. Division of Things   28. If the wheat of Titius is mixed with yours, when this takes place by mutual consent, the mixed heap belongs to you in common because each body, that is, each grain, which before was the property of one or other of you, has by your mutual consent been made your common property; but, if the intermixture were accidental, or made by Titius without your consent, the mixed wheat does not then belong to you both in common; because the grains still remain distinct, and retain their proper substance. ...if either of you keep the whole quantity of mixed wheat, the other has a real actio [claim or suit] for the amount of wheat belonging to him, but it is in the province of the judge to estimate the quality of the wheat belonging to each.

THE GREAT SPLIT- EAST/WEST

Make this chart in your notes: Similarities to Roman Civilization Similarities to Chinese civilization

On a half-sheet of paper… Write a thesis statement comparing and contrasting the Byzantine Empire with EITHER Roman or Chinese civilization.

What are some of Achievements of Justinian’s Rule, some of his setbacks? What major Military engagements shaped the Byzantine Empire? Describe the similarities in Byzantine civilization and classical China.