Figure Number: 28-00CO Title: Super Glue Caption: Space-filling model of a small segment of a Super Glue polymer molecule. Notes: Super Glue starts out as methyl a-cyanoacrylate dissolved in an organic solvent. This substance is very unstable, and when it is exposed to even trace quantities of mild nucleophiles it polymerizes (the reactant molecules covalently bond to one another, generating huge product molecules). This process forms a tough flexible solid called polycyanoacrylate, which bonds together a wide variety of different materials.

Figure Number: 28-00-01UN Title: Polyethylene Caption: Space-filling models showing three ethylene monomer molecules reacting to form a small piece of a polyethylene molecule. Notes: Polyethylene molecules are very large, ranging in molecular weight from thousands of amu per molecule for smaller molecules to about 6 million (just under half a million carbons per molecule) for ultrahigh-molecular-weight material.

Figure Number: 28-00-22T02 Title: Table 28.2 examples of alkenes that undergo radical polymerization Caption: Notes:

Figure Number: 28-00-23T03 Title: Table 28.3 some radical initiators Caption: Notes:

Figure Number: 28-00-27UN Title: Polymer-Chain Branching Caption: Schematic diagrams of regions of branched polyethylene with short and long branches. Notes: Branches in polymer strands keep the strands from stacking together efficiently and keep the resulting plastic soft rather than rigid and brittle.

Figure Number: 28-00-32T04 Title: Table 28.3 examples of alkenes that undergo cationic polymerization Caption: Notes:

Figure Number: 28-00-38T05 Title: Table 28.5 examples of alkenes that undergo anionic polymerization Caption: Notes:

Figure Number: 28-03 Title: Figure 28.3 Caption: Progress of step-growth polymerization. Notes: A polymer which undergoes step growth does not have to add monomer molecules sequentially to its ends. Developing polymer molecules can couple and make larger polymer molecules as well.

Figure Number: 28-04 Title: Figure 28.4 Caption: A segment of a linear polymer which has folded back on itself several times in two regions (circled) called crystallites. Notes: Crystalline polymers (polymers with many crystallite regions) are hard, stiff, and brittle, whereas randomly oriented polymers are soft and flexible.

Figure Number: 28-05 Title: Figure 28.5 Caption: Creation of an ordered polymer. Notes: When randomly oriented polymers are melted, extruded (pushed through a narrow opening under pressure), and resolidified, they become more ordered. Ordered polymers are stiffer and stronger than randomly oriented polymers because the chains stack together better, forming strong attractions between neighboring chains. Ordered high-molecular-weight polyethylene is nearly ten times as strong as steel on a weight basis.

Figure Number: Title: Table 28.1 Some Important Chain Growth Polymers and Their Uses Caption: Notes:

Figure Number: Title: Table 28.6 Some Examples of Copolymers and Their Uses Caption: Notes:

Figure Number: Title: Table 28.7 Properties of Polyethylene as a Function of Crystallinity Caption: Notes:

Figure Number: 28-00-22T02 Title: Table 28.2 examples of alkenes that undergo radical polymerization Caption: Notes:

Figure Number: 28-00-23T03 Title: Table 28.3 some radical initiators Caption: Notes:

Figure Number: 28-00-32T04 Title: Table 28.3 examples of alkenes that undergo cationic polymerization Caption: Notes:

Figure Number: 28-00-38T05 Title: Table 28.5 examples of alkenes that undergo anionic polymerization Caption: Notes: