Mind Stretcher- 3/26/18 A change in the DNA sequence that can be harmful, helpful or make no difference Ribosome Messenger RNA Mutation Transfer RNA

Selective Breeding S7L3 c. Ask questions to gather and synthesize information about the ways humans influence the inheritance of desired traits in organisms through selective breeding.

KNOW: Selective Breeding choosing two organisms of the same species and mating them with the hope of getting the best qualities of each parent to show up in the offspring. Also called “Artificial Selection”

Selective Breeding: Details Used mostly for dogs, cats, other pets, cattle, and crops. REMEMBER: Selective breeding crosses (mates) organisms with desirable traits to produce offspring that have the traits from both parents!

Selective Breeding- https://youtu.be/W_CnR0Ak604

Selective Breeding Example A “Robust” means STRONG & HEALTHY! Tough wild boars mated with friendly meaty pigs give you robust & meaty pigs for your farm. Tough Boar + Meaty Pig = (strong, tough, meaty pig)

Selective Breeding Example B Santa Gertrudis cattle (cross of 2 breeds) RESULT = good beef and resistant to heat! Brahman cattle: Good resistance to heat, but poor beef. English shorthorn cattle: Good beef but poor heat resistance. hot weather cow + beefy cow = (beefy/hot weather cow)

Selective Breeding: Example C Ancient corn from Peru (~4000 yrs old) Choosing only the best corn plants to use for future seeds = better crops over time.

Selective Breeding Example D = little red + big green = BIG RED TOMATO

Advantages of Selective Breeding Might get improved organisms Don’t need any special tools or lab Can be performed easily by farmers & breeders You “SELECT” the traits you want to “BREED”

Disadvantages of Selective Breeding Undesirable traits from both parents may appear in the offspring Disease can accumulate in the population Deaf Dalmatians, boxers with heart disease, labs with hip problems, etc. Genetic disorders become more prominent due to Inbreeding (breeding of closely related family members to increase a particular trait)

Selective Breeding: Biology for All https://youtu.be/fHS-OY9XDZc

Bald Chickens!? https://youtu.be/W4u8xMnr15Q

REVIEW Selective Breeding Genetic Engineering Process has been around for thousands of years Combines the best traits of two organisms Results in organisms that have the desirable traits of their parents Genetic Engineering Keep this side blank for now…we will complete it tomorrow!

Selectively Breeding Cows You may one breed each cow only one time You must say which trait you are hoping to pass on for each cow. EX: I chose Alma for her resistance to weather and I chose the bull, Brutus, for his strong muscles.

HW: STUDY mitosis/meiosis & selective breeding (test Thurs) Closing- Share Aloud After reviewing your notes from Friday & today, think of two examples or facts about Selective Breeding… Be ready to share them aloud if called upon HW: STUDY mitosis/meiosis & selective breeding (test Thurs)