The History, Structure, Development, and Destruction HURRICANES The History, Structure, Development, and Destruction Source: http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/students/w97/matheson/hpage.htm

Location

Hurricane Sandy Hurricane Sandy was the largest Atlantic hurricane on record, as well as the second costliest Atlantic hurricane, (only surpassed by Hurricane Katrina in 2005)

Tracking Hurricane Sandy

Sandy Cost???   Sandy is estimated to surpass $50 billion . It would make it the second-costliest Atlantic hurricane in history, behind only Hurricane Katrina.

What is a hurricane? Violent cyclonic storm that develops in the tropical region Wind speeds are > 74 mph Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/ Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=680

How do Hurricanes Form? Instant Egghead- How do Hurricanes Form?

Rotation and Pressure In which direction does a hurricane rotate? COUNTERCLOCKWISE Is the barometric pressure inside the hurricane high or low? LOW

When is Hurricane Season? June 1st through November 31st

What conditions must be present for a hurricane to develop? Warm ocean temperatures (>80˚ F) up to 60m deep Little to no wind shear Low pressure system at least 5˚ North or South of Equator Rotation caused by winds Source: http://lwf.ncdc.noaa. gov/oa/reports/fran/fran.html

What is the major source of energy fueling a hurricane? Heat Energy evaporating from the ocean surface Source: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/evap.rxml

Hurricane Anatomy Source: http://hurricanes.noaa.gov/prepare/structure.htm

Comparison of Terms Tropical Wave Tropical Depression Tropical Storm lack of circulation, winds <25 mph and every direction Tropical Depression closed circulation,disorganized, winds >25 mph Tropical Storm Shower and thunderstorm moves over closed circulation, winds greater than 39 mph Hurricane Eye is developed, winds > 74 mph

Compare the Following Source: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hurr/stages/home.rxml

By what two factors is hurricane strength measured? Wind Speed Barometric Pressure

What is the Scale Used to Categorize Hurricanes? Saffir-Simpson Scale Category Max Wind Speed (mph) Min. Surface Pressure (mb) Storm Surge m (ft) 1 74-96 > 980 1-1.7 (3-5) 2 97-111 979-965 1.8-2.6 (6-8) 3 112-131 964-945 2.7-3.8 (9-12) 4 132-155 944-920 3.9-5.6 (13-18) 5 > 155 < 920 > 5.7 (>19) Source: http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/hurricane/saffir-simpson.html

What causes the damage in a hurricane? Winds Flooding Storm Surge

What is a storm surge? Large wall or dome of water that rushes into the coastline as a result of a hurricane making landfall To the right are the areas affected by high storm surges Souce: http://www.wkrg.com/hurricanecenter/surge/SE.jpg

What destroys/ stops a hurricane? Strong vertical winds Cold water Movement over land Friction Lack of moisture

What are the costliest hurricanes in the United States?

Explain why the majority of the costliest storms are relatively recent Damage is a result of development There are more developed areas and possessions than in the past Source: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html

What are the deadliest hurricanes in the United States?

Explain why the deadliest storms were longer ago. Lack of instrumentation to predict and track storms People were not warned of the incoming danger Results of the Galveston Hurricane Source: http://www.1900storm.com/photographs/photo10.html

The Three You Remember… Haiyan: 295 mph

Hainyan: 1200 miles

Haiyan: 30 feet

Haiyan: 10,000 estimate

Haiyan: Category 5

Largest North American Hurricanes Hurricane Camile made landfall with wind speeds of ~165 kts or 190 mph (Category 5) 
Hurricane Andrew made landfall with wind speeds of ~143 kts or 165 mph (Category 5) 
Hurricane Hugo made landfall with wind speeds of ~118 kts or 136 mph (Category 4) 
Hurricane Katrina made landfall with wind speeds of ~110 kts or 125 mph. (Category 3) Hurricane Haiyan made landfall with wind speeds of ~110 kts or 125 mph. (Category 5)

How did hurricane Sandy affected you personally? Damage to your house from wind? Damage from flooding? Destroyed vacation house? Damage to family members’ homes?

Protection Listen to warnings Take all warnings seriously Follow evacuations Prepare Food and Water for extensive power outages

THE END Source: http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/students/w97/matheson/hpage.htm

HAIYAN: A SUPER TYPHOON Dockside Tar River Estates http://cindi.usgs.gov/cindi/hazard/event/floyd/ncflood/mediums/img023.jpg

Advance Evacuations 800,000 people were evacuated to emergency shelters. RATED AS PROBABLY THE STRONGEST TYPHOON EVER TO STRIKE THE PHILIPPINES

FOUR HOURS OF FEAR AND DESTRUCTION Winds flattened hundreds of homes, Heavy rainfall triggered mudslides and flash flooding. A storm surge with waves of up to 10 m (30 feet) destroyed everything, sweeping people away and drowning thousands. Authorities said almost 800,000 people were evacuated to emergency shelters.

DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

Tacloban Airport

INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Wide spread flooding and power outages Winds of 380 kph (290 mph) TACLOBAN hit very hard by the storm surge with many deaths Tacloban’s airport destroyed

INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Loss of communication An estimated 10,000 people dead; EVEN HIGHER TOLL POSSIBLE Economic losses in the billions

SURVIVOR NEEDS Survivors are in desperate need of clean drinking water and food Survivors temporarily cut off from aid, and from their families in the Philippines as well as in other countries (e.g., 3 million in the USA)

MORE DEVASTATION AHEAD ANOTHER TYPHOON RATED AS A HEAVY RAINMAKER WITH APPROXIMATELY THE SAME PATH IS EXPECTED IN 3-4 DAYS