CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

CONTENTS Introduction Definition of Energy Technology Sources of Energy Renewable Energy & Non-Renewable Energy Conventional sources Non-Conventional sources Coal & Types of Coal Gases

ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Definition:- The process used to create energy. The increasingly are focused on micro power , where individual companies are creating their own power plants for their own use. OR Energy is the cause behind the motion of particles or object ,it is the capacity to produce motion, force, work ,change in shape.

Source of energy Conventional (non-renewable):- 1. Coal 2. Petroleum 3. Electricity Non-conventional (renewable):- 1. Bio-energy 2. Wind-energy 3. Tidal-energy 4. Solar-energy 5. Energy from Urban wave

Conventional Sources 1. Coal:- Coal is a hard black substance that is extracted from the ground and burned as fuel. 2. Petroleum:- Petroleum is an oily mixture of hydrocarbons that can be extracted from layers of Rock and used to produce fuel. 3. Electricity:- It is the form of energy resulting from the extracting of charged particles , either statically as an accumulation of charge.

Renewable & Non-Renewable Renewable Energy:- It is the energy that is collected from renewable resources , which are naturally replenished on a human timescale , such as sunlight , wind , rain , tides , waves & geothermal heat. Non-Renewable Energy:- It is the energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifestyle- or even in many , many lifetimes.

Non-Conventional Sources 1. Bio-energy:- It is a renewable energy made available from material derived from biological sources . It is produced by living organisms. 2. Wind-energy:- Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbine to mechanically power generate for electric power.

3. Tidal-energy:- It is a form of hydropower that coverts the energy of tides into useful from of power – mainly Electricity. 4. Solar-energy:- It is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaic (PV) , indirectly using concentrated solar power , or a combination.

COAL Definition :- Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

TYPES OF COAL There are 6 types of coal :- 1. Lignite 2. Bituminous 3. Sub-Bituminous 4. Anthracite 5. Semi-Anthracite 6. Peat

LIGNITE COAL It is a coal of lowest quality . It has a laminar structure with fibrous , brownish- black appearance resembling wood tissues . Heating value of Lignite is 14000- 19000J/kg .

BITUMINOUS COAL It is a high grade coal . It is burns easily . Bituminous coal is soft , black , banded . Bands are parallel to the plane . It is high content of carbons and volatile matter . Heating value of Bituminous coal is 31000 – 37000 J/kg .

SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL This grade of coal is superior to lignite and inferior to Bituminous coal . It is also called black lignite . It is brown black , mostly homogeneous in structure and suitable for burning . Heating value of Sub-Bituminous coal is 19000 – 26000 J/kg .

ANTHRACITE COAL It is a high grade of coal . This coal is hard , black , shiny , dense in appearance It burns efficiently in pieces . It is valued for its high heating quality . It is contain about 86-98% of fixed carbon . Heating value of Anthracite coal is 30000 – 36000 J/kg .

SEMI-ANTHRACITE COAL This variety of coal is of a grade , rank and maturing in between the Anthracite and bituminous Coal . It is lesser than Anthracite and more than or equal to Bituminous . Heating value of Semi- Anthracite coal is 28000 – 32000 J/kg .

PEAT It is a fossil fuel with higher moisture content and without full majority . Hence peat is not termed as coal . Peat is light brown in colour and highly fibrous in composition . Heating value of Peat is 18000 J/kg .

FISHER TROPECH PROCESS The FISHER TROPSCH PROCESS is a set of chemical reaction that change a mixture of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas into liquid hydrocarbon

BERGIUS PROCESS The Bergius process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high- volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure

PRODUCER GAS Producer gas is fuel gas that is manufactured from material such as coal, as opposed to natural gas. Producer gas was used primarily as an industrial fuel for iron and steel manufacturing. Producer gas, also called suction gas. The reaction is exothermic and proceeds as follows: 2C + O2 + 3.73 N2 → 2CO+ 3.73 N2

WATER GAS Water gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced from synthesis gas. Synthesis gas is a useful product, but requires careful handling due to its flammability and the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. The water-gas shift reaction can be used to reduce the carbon monoxide while producing additional hydrogen.

L.P.G Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. LPG is prepared by refining petroleum or "wet" natural gas. LPG will evaporate quickly at normal temperatures and pressure.

C.N.G Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fuel which can be used in place of gasoline (petrol), Diesel fuel and propane/LPG. CNG combustion produces fewer undesirable gases than the fuels mentioned above because natural gas is lighter than air and disperses quickly when released.

FURNANCE A furnace is a device used for high- temperature heating. The name derives from Greek word fornix, which means oven. The heat energy to fuel a furnace may be supplied directly by fuel combustion, by electricity such as the electric arc furnace, or through induction heating in induction furnaces.

BLAST FURNANCE A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. In a blast furnace fuel, ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace.