FLIP LEARNING TASK: Write a review and give a score out of 5 for how successful Henry was with his foreign policy Revise everything you have done on Henry’s foreign policy as you will be doing another Kahoot quiz next lesson! You need to create a timeline of Henry’s latter foreign policy (1502-1509) using the information provided on page 31 of the Henry textbook. At the end of last lesson you were given this independent learning. Its now time to see what you have come up with. You have a few minutes now to have a quick recap of your work from last lesson before we start the quiz!

https://play.kahoot.it/#/?quizId=9d302b18-6b40-45c2-b246-0cd206f5a9f5

How successful was Henry’s foreign policy in the years 1502-1509? Good learning: Understand Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Great learning: Explain what the drive was behind Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Even better: Apply knowledge on foreign policy to a Tudor extract exam question Key Word: How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured?

What would you do in Henry’s position? We are going to play a game… You are going to be HVII, and make decisions based on the situations Henry VII faced. Let see if YOU have what it takes to deal with Tudor international relations! Task: As we go through I would like you to add to your timeline in green pen anything you have missing. Good learning Understand Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Great learning Explain what the drive was behind Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Even better Apply knowledge on foreign policy to a Tudor extract exam question

Sign another treaty to cement the improving relations. 1502- Relations with Scotland are going better then previously, especially after they drop support for pretenders like Warbeck, but they still aren’t perfect. You signed the Treaty of Ayton in 1497, but what if any next steps should you take? OPTION A Sign another treaty to cement the improving relations. What did Henry do? In 1502 Henry and James IV signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace. This ended any intermittent war between England and Scotland and they agreed on how they would administer the border between England and Scotland. This would prevent local cross-border conflict. The marriage between James and Princess Margaret was also agreed (which took place in 1503) and therefore secured his dynasty. OPTION B Nothing, relations are good. You do not want to do anything to jeopardise this. OPTION C James IV might be willing to listen to you now. You could try to establish your dominance over Scotland now. 30 POINTS 20 POINTS 10 POINTS

Suggest that Catherine marry your other son, Henry. It is 1502 and your oldest son Arthur dies and therefore leaving behind his young wife Catherine. This puts your alliance with Spain in jeopardy. What will you do? OPTION A Arrange for Catherine to stay in England as an English princess and marry her to another foreign King later. OPTION B Suggest that Catherine marry your other son, Henry. OPTION C Keep Catherine in England and demand the Spanish pay the rest of the dowry. Henry immediately suggested that Catherine should marry his second son Henry (VIII). However, Ferdinand was reluctant to agree as he had little need for an English alliance at this time and the papal dispensation which was needed to allow this to happen would come at a price. The marriage was on hold….for now. What did Henry do? In 1504 Catherine's mother died ending the anti-French alliance with England. A conflict over succession meant trade links were weakened. Spain then leant towards France and demanded Catherine's dowry. Henry kept it and funded an anti-Spanish fleet. Yet in 1506 the Spanish succession was secured and so Spain and England were allies again and the marriage took place. 20 POINTS 30 POINTS 10 POINTS

30 POINTS 20 POINTS OPTION A OPTION B 1503 – Queen Elizabeth has died, shortly after giving birth to a daughter. Two of your three sons are already dead. You are very vulnerable and concerned about succession. Also, Edmund de la Pole has just moved abroad. What will you do? Henry began to consider the possibility of taking a second wife, who might be able to bear him more heirs. He seemed to consider different possibilities over his time such Joanna of Castile/Burgundy (not until after the death of Philip in 1506), Joanna of Naples and Margaret of Savoy (after the Duke of Savoy’s death in 1504). His first choice appeared to be Queen Joanna of Naples (the niece to Ferdinand and Isabella) and they were also keen on this idea because not only did he want to strengthen his ties with Henry as relations with France deteriorated, but also detract attention from Catherine who was still under Henry VII’s care. However, the marriage was never fulfilled due to political and financial reasons. What did Henry do? OPTION A Don’t remarry. OPTION B Remarry. Potential brides include Joanna of Castile and Burgundy, Margaret of Savoy and Joanna of Napes. 30 POINTS 20 POINTS

Pause for thought…who is who in Europe during this period. To help you understand who some of the people are who we are going to look at, have a look at the family tree below to see how everyone fits together…. Charles the Bold (Duke of Burgundy) m. Margaret of York (she is his third wife and referred to as Margaret of Burgundy. She will outlive her husband) Isabella of Castile m. Ferdinand of Aragon (This helps to until the two separate areas of Spain and was also the aunt and uncle to Joanna of Naples) Maximilian m. Mary of Burgundy (He is in charge of the HRE and she is the step granddaughter to Margaret of Burgundy) Catherine of Aragon m. Arthur (and will later marry Henry VIII) Joanna of Castile m. Philip of Burgundy Archduke Charles (set to take a lot of Europe due to his different lineage) Margaret m. Duke of Savoy (they have no children. She will become the governor of Charles (the only son of Philip and Joanna) and becomes Regent of the Netherlands after the death of Philip of Burgundy in 1506) Good learning Understand Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Great learning Explain what the drive was behind Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Even better Apply knowledge on foreign policy to a Tudor extract exam question

30 POINTS 20 POINTS 10 POINTS OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C 1504 - Isabella of Castile has died. This makes Ferdinand a less significant political figure and you are both trying to better yourselves. There is no guarantee that Spain will stay united. Whilst Ferdinand has become Regent, Joanna’s husband Phillip (Duke of Burgundy) has ambitions to succeed himself! What will you do? In 1505 HVII was moving towards friendly relations with Burgundy in case of possible aggression from France. He opened discussions about a possible Burgundian bride for his son, Henry. This automatically made relations with Spain worse. Ferdinand turned to France. Louis XII had felt surrounded by Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands and was ready for friendship. This was cemented in 1505 when Ferdinand married Louis XII’s niece, Germaine de Foix. What did Henry do? OPTION A Become friendly with Phillip by opening discussions about a possible Burgundian bride for his son, Henry. OPTION B Become friendly with Spain, by offering your military support if Phillip tries to succeed to the throne in Spain. OPTION C Do nothing, no matter which side you try to be-friend, it will result in annoying the other country 30 POINTS 20 POINTS 10 POINTS

20 POINTS 10 POINTS 30 POINTS OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C 1506 – Philip of Burgundy has been caught in a storm and sought shelter in England. Phillip wants your support to fight Aragon during the succession battle What will you do? Henry and Phillip sign the treaty of Windsor in January 1506. Henry recognised Philip as King of Castile, and the two rulers promised mutual defence and assistance against each other’s rebels. By a second treaty, Philip pledged for his sister, Margaret of Savoy (now regent of the Netherlands) to marry Henry VII (however, the marriage never takes place). In the April they negotiates the Malus Intercursus which gives the English merchants considerable advantages. It was decided that trade with Burgundy would be free, Philip would not impose duties on sale of English cloth. He also got the Earl of Suffolk handed over to him. What did Henry do? OPTION A Hold him hostage and demand a ransom. OPTION B Hand him over to Aragon to make an alliance. OPTION C Negotiate a series of treaties with Phillip to strengthen your relations. 20 POINTS 10 POINTS 30 POINTS

Offer Burgundy military aid in case of a French invasion 1506 - Phillip of Burgundy has died. Joanna is mad with grief and deemed unfit to rule. Ferdinand declares himself King of Castile. The heir in Burgundy is 6 year old (Archduke Charles), with Margaret of Savoy acting as Regent for her nephew. Netherlands is important to English trade and you are afraid France might try to take it over. What would you do? OPTION A Offer Burgundy military aid in case of a French invasion OPTION B Call off trade disagreements with Burgundy. Discuss marriage alliances with Burgundy/ France. OPTION C Ferdinand is now the biggest threat to other rulers. Formalise your alliance with him! What did Henry do? Ferdinand was now well placed, whilst Henry was isolated. Henry thought his best hope now was friendship between England, Netherlands and France. It allowed Henry to end temporary disagreements over trade with Burgundy. There were several plans for marriage alliances involving these countries, with the intention of isolating Ferdinand in Spain. 10 POINTS 30 POINTS 20 POINTS

20 POINTS 30 POINTS 10 POINTS OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C 1508- the League of Cambrai has been created. Louis XII and Ferdinand of Spain came together with Archduke Charles and the Pope in an alliance against Venice (a powerful state that controlled an important part of the Italian coastline). It looks as though you have been left even more isolated! OPTION A Don’t do anything. Whilst you are isolated, you are not the enemy, Italy is. OPTION B Strengthen your alliance with Italy. You have been isolated, and don’t want to appear weak/withdraw from Europe altogether. OPTION C Ask to join the League, and risk your trade with Venice. Being allies with continental Europe is more important than trade with Venice. Henry did nothing (he died soon after…). However, by not doing anything straight away, attention was taken away from England and towards Italy. What did Henry do? 30 POINTS 20 POINTS 10 POINTS

LINK DIFFERENT MOTIVES? What would you say Henry’s foreign policy was determined by? International recognition Security Securing the dynasty LINK DIFFERENT MOTIVES? Reactions to events in other countries Trade Write down which one you think and explain your answer CHALLENGE: Does his aims remain the same throughout his years in power? Avoiding foreign entanglement Why? What does this suggest about HVII’s foreign policy more generally?

Overall, how convincing are the following extracts in relation to Henry VII’s Foreign Policy? Task: Read through the extracts found on page 32 of Henry VIII textbook: What is the overall argument of each What are the convincing and unconvincing elements. Explain why using your own knowledge Evaluate overall how convincing you think they are Good learning Understand Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Great learning Explain what the drive was behind Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Even better Apply knowledge on foreign policy to a Tudor extract exam question

Overall, how convincing are the following extracts in relation to Henry VII’s Foreign Policy? Good learning Understand Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Great learning Explain what the drive was behind Henry’s foreign policy 1502-1509 Even better Apply knowledge on foreign policy to a Tudor extract exam question

Overall, how successful was Henry’s foreign policy in the years 1502-1509? Good learning: Recap Henry’s overall policies and aims with different countries Great learning: Explain what Henry’s relationship was like with different countries Even better: Evaluate how far Henry had met his aims in terms of foreign policy Key Word: How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured?

So how did Henry deal with countries individually? So far we have looked at Henry’s foreign policy chronologically. Now we are going to revise/analyse HVII’s foreign policy, by looking at how he dealt with specific countries. Task: You have each been given a copy of the map. Stick it in the middle of your page and draw an arrow off the following countries: Spain Burgundy France HRE Brittany Scotland Italy Good learning Recap Henry’s overall policies and aims with different countries Great learning Explain what Henry’s relationship was like with different countries Even better Evaluate how far Henry had met his aims in terms of foreign policy

So how did Henry deal with countries individually? 1485: Scotland and England make a truce 1485-6: Navigation Acts 1488-92: Bretton Crisis 1489: Treaty of Medina del Campo 1490 Venice and Florence 1496: Intercursus Magnus 1497: Truce at Ayton 1502: Arthur dies 1503: Queen Elizabeth dies 1505: Isabella of Castile dies 1506: Phillip stuck in England (3 treaties) 1506: Death of Phillip 1502: Treaty of Perpetual Peace 1508: League of Cambrai TASK: add the correct foreign policy to the correct country. See the list below and we will be checking your answers afterwards! Good learning Recap Henry’s overall policies and aims with different countries Great learning Explain what Henry’s relationship was like with different countries Even better Evaluate how far Henry had met his aims in terms of foreign policy

Correct your answers in green pen or tick if they are correct! So how did Henry deal with countries individually? Correct your answers in green pen or tick if they are correct! Good learning Recap Henry’s overall policies and aims with different countries Great learning Explain what Henry’s relationship was like with different countries Even better Evaluate how far Henry had met his aims in terms of foreign policy

How successful was his foreign policies with individual countries? Make a copy of the following graph below. You will be doing a line graph that will plot each country (ideally you will need 6 different colours) along the period of Henry’s reign and mark (out of 10) how successful their relationship is at various points. Which country did he have the most and least successful relationship with? Explain your answer Good learning Recap Henry’s overall policies and aims with different countries Great learning Explain what Henry’s relationship was like with different countries Even better Evaluate how far Henry had met his aims in terms of foreign policy

2. If you have time, plan your answer to this essay question How successful was Henry VII in fulfilling his foreign policy objectives? Finally, we are now going to look at how far Henry had met his aims in terms of his foreign policy. Just to remind us his aims were: To gain acceptance of his right to rule from other monarchs Maintain good relations and defence of trading interests and national security. Avoid foreign entanglement Henry did not fulfil his aims Henry did fulfil his aims 1. Write your name on the post-it and stick it on the continuum. Also, make a note of your answer in your book. 2. If you have time, plan your answer to this essay question Good learning Recap Henry’s overall policies and aims with different countries Great learning Explain what Henry’s relationship was like with different countries Even better Evaluate how far Henry had met his aims in terms of foreign policy

‘Henry VII was successful in fulfilling his foreign policy aims’ FLIP LEARNING TASK: 1. Using the information on pages 29-31 on the Elizabeth textbook, you must read through the information on ‘Royal marriage alliances, foreign policy and succession’ and complete the question and table in the activity box on page 30. 2. Using the summary section on the bottom of page 30 of your information sheet and your own knowledge. Try to come up with 3 arguments for and against the following statement: ‘Henry VII was successful in fulfilling his foreign policy aims’ Your tasks for next lesson are as follows: