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Racism in the 1900s 9/28

The Problem Incorrect scientific theories stating that white race is superior Jim Crow Laws created segregation Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court rules that “separate but equal” facilities are constitutional Upholds Jim Crow Laws Racial Minorities not allowed to vote or in some places own property

The Solution Groups began to form to help minorities fight for their rights Some advocated for a slow gradual movement toward equality Others wanted an immediate change Each group had a particular cause that they championed in the quest for equality These groups were not able to create big change at this time, but they laid the foundation for what would later become the Civil Rights Movement

Two Approaches Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois Move slowly toward racial progress gradually win respect and then you will eventually get full voting rights and citizenship Founded Tuskegee Institute W.E.B. Du Bois Must demand full rights now Niagara Movement Discussed voting rights for African Americans Met in Canada because no hotel on the border would give them rooms Called for immediate social change and for a higher emphasis on education rather than trade skills

Washington v. Du Bois “[The Negro must] live peaceably with his white neighbors… the Negro [must] deport himself modestly...depending upon the slow but sure influences that proceed from the possessions of property, intelligence, and high character for the full recognition of his political rights.” “We claim for ourselves every single right that belongs to a freeborn American...and until we get these rights we will never cease to protest...How shall we get them? By voting where we may vote, by persistent, unceasing agitation, by hammering at the truth, by sacrifice and work.”

Other Players National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Political organization made up of white and black members purpose = fighting for the rights of African Americans Included W.E.B. Du Bois, Jane Addams and Ida B. Wells Main strategy was to take unfair laws and injustices to court in hopes of changing them Focus in 1900s was battle for access to decent housing and careers beyond trade skills Urban League More focused on poor workers-helped send kids to school, find jobs, and provide food and clothes

Other Players Continued Ida B. Wells Owned a newspaper in Tennessee-wrote about the horrors of lynching “Again the question was asked where were all the legal and civil authorities of the country, to say nothing of the Christian churches, that they permitted such things to be? I could only say that despite the axiom that there is a remedy for every wrong, everybody in authority from the President of the United States down, had declared their inability to do anything; and that the Christian bodies and moral associations do not touch the question. It is the easiest way to get along in the South (and those portions in the North where lynchings take place) to ignore the question altogether; our American Christians are too busy saving the souls of white Christians from burning in hell- fire to save the lives of black ones from present burning in fires kindled by white Christians. The feelings of the people who commit these acts must not be hurt by protesting against this sort of thing, and so the bodies of the victims of mob hate must be sacrificed, and the country disgraced because of that fear to speak out.”

Remember, fill out BOTH columns using the actual chapters in the book! Vocabulary time! Remember, fill out BOTH columns using the actual chapters in the book! Hint - look for Gilded Age and Progressive Era