Workers Wednesday, Oct. 1st Take your seat Take out a separate piece of paper Take out your notebook Quietly begin warm-up Warm-Up – 1 paragraph (6-8 sent) Have American attitudes towards immigration changed very much from the immigration periods of 1880-1910 and today? Why or why not? Think about the political cartoons that you saw in the carousel notes

Today’s Agenda Warm-Up / Class Discussion FN: “Workers Organize” Homework: Finish Vocabulary (quiz on Friday – any and all vocab words from unit 2 apply) Study Guide Questions 11-12, 15-18

Workers Organize EQ: What factors lead to the development of unions and how did they impact American industry?

Workers Endure Hardships Women and Children exploited Long days 14-16 hrs 6 days a week Low pay Dangerous working conditions No health benefits, vacation or security

Labor Unions and the Impact of Industrialization unions allow workers to negotiate with their bosses as a group this is called collective bargaining shorter work hours, safer working conditions, workman’s compensation unions collect dues to raise money for their causes the National Labor Union was the first large nation-wide labor union, it collapsed during the depression of 1873

Skilled v. Unskilled Labor Skilled Worker workers that possess some expertise, training, or education that make them hard or impossible to replace masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, and bakers Unskilled Worker workers that possess no specific training and are therefore easily replaced miner, factory assembly Silk Workers – very skilled labor

Knights of Labor Knights of Labor, 1869 secretive union that allowed any worker (skilled or unskilled) to join except liquor dealers, gamblers, and lawyers membership rose to over 700,000 pushed for an end to child labor, progressive income tax, and equal pay for women

In this slide we see coal miners, most of whom are boys, in Pennsylvanian.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire – 1911

American Federation of Labor - 1886 led by Samuel Gompers, this union was made of a whole bunch of skilled unions the AFL is the largest union organization in the US today more successful in negotiations because it’s members were harder to replace anti-immigrant, especially anti-Chinese

Strike Terminology (don’t write) work-to-rule workers perform their tasks exactly as they are required to but no better sickout the strikers call in sick sit-down strike workers may occupy the workplace, but refuse either to do their jobs or to leave general strike Strike that involve all workers, or a number of large and important groups of workers, in a particular community or region sympathy strike one group of workers refuses to cross a picket line established by another as a means of supporting the striking workers.

In this slide we see strikers at a textile mill in Lawrence, Massachusetts, being held back by federal troops. (2.2H)

Haymarket Square Riot, 1886 a rally for union workers in Chicago turned into a riot when a bomb went off Killed 7 police and many civilians 8 anarchists were arrested for murder anti-immigrant, anti-labor prejudice hurt unions

Pullman Strike, 1893 Amid a depression, the Pullman Palace Car Company cut pay by 28% the American Railway Union called for a boycott 125,000+ workers went on strike in Chicago they toppled trains to shut down the nation’s railroads 12,000 troops broke up the strike because they interfered with the US Mail

Pullman Strike, 1893

Fill in the chart below Labor Unions Organize Workers Suffer A labor movement grows Strikes break out

Fill in the chart below Knights of Labor Sweatshops Long Hours Labor Unions Organize Workers Suffer AFL Dangerous work A labor movement grows Strikes break out Pullman Strike Haymarket Riot