The Industrial Revolution
A. Pre-Industrial Society Few changes in lifestyle prior to I.R. Factories placed near streams (water wheel)
Life before the Industrial Revolution People concerned with most basic of primary economic activities Acquired necessities of survival from land Society& culture overwhelmingly rural/agric. Before 1700 manufacturing was carried on in two systems, cottage & guild industries (depended on hand labor & human power)
Industrial Revolution, started in 18th c. & still taking place today Series of inventions use of machines & inanimate power in manufacturing Suddenly whole societies could engage in seemingly limitless multiplication of goods & services Rapid bursts of human inventiveness Gigantic population increases
B. Beginning of Industrial Revolution Great Britain in late 1700s Why Great Britain? Flow of capital 2nd agricultural revolution Mercantilism & cottage industries Resources: coal, iron ore, water power
Flow of Capital into Europe, 1775 Needed flow of capital in order to fuel the industrial revolution
Textiles Production: Liverpool and Manchester Iron Production: Birmingham Coal Mining: Newcastle
Ironbridge, England World’s first bridge made entirely of cast iron, late 1700s.
C. Watt Steam Engine Jump-starts I.R. England, 1711 Use of coal & steam to create electricity Place factory near coal fields England thrives bc of coal reserves Sparks major/lasting changes to life
D. Enclosure Movement Coincides w/ 2nd Agric. Rev. Peasants evicted from farms new labor force in factory towns
E. New Forms of Transportation Steam Engine Railroad Steamship
F. Diffusion of I.R. Early 1800s diffusion to Europe Location criteria: proximity to coal fields (areas near these thrive, like in Ruhr Valley) connection via water to port flow of capital Late 1800’s diffusion to some regions w/out coal access to railroad
Diffusion of Industrial Revolution
The Paris Basin is the Industrial base of France The Paris Basin is the Industrial base of France. Rouen (pictured here) is at the head navigation point on the Seine River
G. Social Issues Industrialization led to: Child Labor Poor Working Conditions Environmental Issues
H. Industrialization Fuels Imperialism Demand for raw materials increases Military industrialization aids Europeans