Civilizations World History Mr Pack.

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Presentation transcript:

Civilizations World History Mr Pack

Civilizations Civilization- a complex culture in which a large number of people share common elements Characteristics of civilization include 1) cities 2) government 3) religion 4) social structure 5) writing and 6) art Governments formed to organize human activity, and defense. First civilizations were ruled by monarchs. Religion developed to explain existence and forces of nature

Civilizations Priests supervise rituals to please gods. Social hierarchy- rulers, priests warriors at top, middle class farmers and artisans and craftsmen Slaves at the bottom Ziggurat- massive tower and temple built by Sumerians and dedicated to the god or goddess of the city

Ziggurat of Dur-Kurigalzu

Ur Ziggurat

Civilizations Theocracy- government by divine authority Sumerians create cuneiform- the world’s oldest system of writing, around 3000 BCE Polytheism- belief in many Gods Dynasty- right to rule is passes on within family Hieroglyphics- Egyptian writing system

Cuneiform

Hieroglphics

Civilizations Phoenicians- Sea traders who are credited as first in human history to create an alphabet. Zoroaster- founded Persian religion ( Zoroastrianism), humans have choice in the struggle between good and evil (truth and order vs falsehood) Ahura Mazda is supreme deity. Mandate of Heaven- Invented during Chinese Zhou Dynasty, authority to rule from Heaven

Phoenician ship

Phoenician alphabet

Zoroastrianism

Farvahar (guardian angel)

Mandate of Heaven