DIGESTIVE SYSTEM!!
Oral Cavity to Stomach Intestine Time Accessory Organs Digestive Disorders Enzymes & Hormones 10 20 30 40 50
Question 1 - 10 Deep folds of the inner lining of the stomach that allow it to stretch are called what?
Answer 1 – 10 Rugae
Question 1 - 20 The food that is partially digested in the stomach is known as what?
Answer 1 – 20 Chyme (not chime)
Question 1 - 30 What are the three main portions of the stomach? (cardiac region considered #4)
Answer 1 – 30 Fundus Body Pylorus
Question 1 - 40 What is the layer of the gastrointestinal tract that is responsible for the actions of segmentation and peristalsis?
Answer 1 – 40 Muscularis externa - There are 3 layers of muscle in the stomach for mechanical digestion/ “churning” the foodstuffs
Question 1 - 50 Where in the stomach does the most digestive activity occur?
Answer 1 – 50 PYLORUS
Question 2 - 10 What is the portion of the digestive system most responsible for absorption of water from the indigestible residue of food?
Answer 2 – 10 Large intestine (MAJORITY OF WATER absorbed in small intestine)
Question 2 - 20 Elimination of indigestible material from the body as feces is called what?
Answer 2 – 20 DefEcation!
Question 2 - 30 What are three modifications of the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine?
Answer 2 – 30 Villi Microvilli Circular folds (plicae circulares)
Question 2 - 40 What are the three sections of the small intestine?
Answer 2 – 40 Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
Question 2 - 50 What are the pouches that give the large intestine its “puckered” appearance?
Answer 2 – 50 Haustra (TENIA COLI = flat bands of L.I.)
Question 3 - 10 Name at least four accessory organs of the digestive system.
Answer 3 – 10 Liver Pancreas Gallbladder Teeth/ Tongue Salivary glands
Question 3 - 20 Pancreatic juice is a mixture of digestive enzymes that is released into what?
Answer 3 – 20 Pancreatic duct Duodenum (of Small Intestine)
Question 3 - 30 What is the structure in the digestive system that stores bile?
Answer 3 – 30 Gallbladder
Question 3 - 40 Only one organ produces enzymes capable of digestive all 4 major organic molecule groups. What organ is this? And what are the 4 groups?
Answer 3 – 40 Pancreas Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
Question 3 - 50 Pancreatic juice contains many enzymes as well as what chemical compound which gives pancreatic juice a slightly basic pH (and inactivates pepsin from the stomach)?
Answer 3 – 50 Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
Question 4 - 10 What are the craterlike lesions that form in the mucosa when it is exposed to acidic juices?
Answer 4 – 10 Ulcer (peptic ulcer = in stomach)
Question 4 - 20 What is a protrusion of all or part of an organ through a membrane called?
Answer 4 – 20 hernia
Question 4 - 30 What condition is a type of irritable bowel disease that usually affects only the mucosa of the large intestine and rectum?
Answer 4 – 30 Ulcerative colitis
Question 4 - 40 What is an inflammation of the digestive tract that may extend from the mucosa to the serosa , anywhere from the oral cavity through the end of the intestines?
Answer 4 – 40 Crohn’s disease
Question 4 - 50 FULLY explain what happens in the condition “GERD”.
Answer 4 – 50 Same as Heartburn (GERD = Gastroesophageal reflux disease ) Acidic gastric juices move from stomach into the esophagus through a leaky cardioesophageal valve.
Question 5 - 10 Name the enzyme that begins digestion of starches.
Answer 5 – 10 Salivary amylase
Question 5 - 20 What hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice?
Answer 5 – 20 Gastrin
Question 5 - 30 What is one example of an enzyme in pancreatic juice that digests proteins?
Answer 5 – 30 Trypsin Chymotrypsin Elastase carboxypeptidase
Question 5 - 40 What two hormones work to maintain homeostasis through the stimulation of the secretion of pancreatic juice and secretion of bile?
Answer 5 – 40 Secretin Cholecystokinin
Question 5 - 50 The cells of which organs serve as the control center as well as the effectors for two major hormones in maintaining digestive homeostasis?
Answer 5 – 50 Pancreas Liver / Gallbladder