Protective effects of cold spinoplegia with fasudil against ischemic spinal cord injury in rabbits Hironori Baba, MD, Yoshihisa Tanoue, MD, PhD, Taketoshi.

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Protective effects of cold spinoplegia with fasudil against ischemic spinal cord injury in rabbits Hironori Baba, MD, Yoshihisa Tanoue, MD, PhD, Taketoshi Maeda, MD, Mariko Kobayashi, MD, Shinichiro Oda, MD, Ryuji Tominaga, MD, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 445-452 (February 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.10.081 Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Neurologic function assessed with the modified Tarlov score at 4 and 8 hours, and 1 and 2 days after reperfusion in each group. Individual rabbits are represented by solid squares, solid triangles, and solid circles. The animals in the sham operation group showed no neurologic deficits, and their neurologic scores were 5.0 ± 0 when observed 4 and 8 hours, and 1 and 2 days after reperfusion. The scores at 4 and 8 hours after reperfusion were not significantly different between group 1 and 2 but the score at 1 and 2 days after reperfusion was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (P = .022 and P = .014, respectively). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2010 51, 445-452DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2009.10.081) Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Histologic findings in the spinal cord at 2 days after reperfusion stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The histologic appearance of lumbar spinal cord stained with hematoxylin-eosin (A) and the results of counting viable motor neurons (B) are shown. In group 1, about half of the motor neurons in the ventral horn were damaged, and the number of normal motor neurons was significantly smaller compared to group 2 and group 3 at 2 days after reperfusion (P = .014 and P = .008, respectively). Group 1 (n = 7): 5 mL/kg cold saline (4°C) was infused, group 2 (n = 6): 5 mL/kg cold saline plus 0.1 mg/kg fasudil (4°C) was infused, group 3 (n = 5): sham operation. Bar = 50 μm. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2010 51, 445-452DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2009.10.081) Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 The histologic appearance of lumbar spinal cord stained with hematoxylin-eosin (A) and the results of the number of infiltrating cells (B) are shown. The number of infiltrating cells in the ventral horn was significantly reduced in group 2 compared to group 1 (79.5 ± 10.5 cells vs 113.7 ± 10.0 cells in 5 fields; P < .001). Group 1 (n = 7): 5 mL/kg cold saline (4°C) was infused, group 2 (n = 6): 5 mL/kg cold saline plus 0.1 mg/kg fasudil (4°C) was infused, group 3 (n = 5): sham operation. Bar = 50 μm. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2010 51, 445-452DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2009.10.081) Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Immunohistochemical staining for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the spinal cord in the sham group 3 (A), group 1 (B), and group 2 (C) at 2 days after reperfusion. The eNOS immunoreactivity in group 1 was slightly induced at 2 days. The density of eNOS immunoreactivity in group 2 was stronger than in group 1 at 2 days. Black arrows show motor neurons that express immunoreactive eNOS. Bar = 50 μm. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2010 51, 445-452DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2009.10.081) Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions