Fundus microvascular flow monitoring during retrograde cerebral perfusion: an experimental study Peiqing Dong, MD, Yulong Guan, MD, Jing Yang, MD, Meiling.

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Fundus microvascular flow monitoring during retrograde cerebral perfusion: an experimental study Peiqing Dong, MD, Yulong Guan, MD, Jing Yang, MD, Meiling He, Caihong Wan, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 70, Issue 5, Pages 1478-1482 (November 2000) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01836-1

Fig 1 Diagram showing perfusion through aortic cannula, venous drainage from superior and inferior vena cava cannula. The shunt between aortic cannula and superior vena cava cannula was clamped during cardiopulmonary bypass. (AO = aorta; IVC = inferior vena cava; OX = oxygenator; SVC = superior vena cava.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 1478-1482DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01836-1)

Fig 2 The aortic cannula was clamped and the shunt between aortic and superior vena cava was opened during retrograde cerebral perfusion. Blood was perfused through superior vena cava (speckled), returned from cephalic artery (black). (AO = aorta; IVC = inferior vena cava; OX = oxygenator; SVC = superior vena cava.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 1478-1482DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01836-1)

Fig 3 Fundus photography before operation shows the branches of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 1478-1482DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01836-1)

Fig 4 Fluorescein angiogram of the animals (A) 13 seconds and (B) 24 seconds after a single injection of 3 ml of 20% sodium fluorescein. (C) After the initiation of retrograde cerebral perfusion, some branches of veins developed in 2.5 minutes. (D) All branches of veins and partial branches of arteries developed in 4.5 minutes. (E) All veins and arteries developed in 15 minutes. (F) The fluorescein angiogram in 15 minutes also showed veins and arteries clearly. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 1478-1482DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01836-1)

Fig 5 The flow signal can be detected in (A) central retinal vein and (B) central retinal artery after the initiation of retrograde cerebral perfusion. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 1478-1482DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01836-1)