619 Final Review Last updated Spring 2010 © 2003 -2008: Paul Ammann

Agenda Review Topics Covered Highlight Key Technical Concepts Identify Areas for Study on Final Final May Test Several Concepts in a Given Question Goal: Strong Showing on Final

Procedural Abstractions Specifications Preconditions (Requires Clause) Postconditions (Effects Clause) Modifies Clause You Can Read and Write Such Specifications Issues: Minimality Underdetermined Behavior Deterministic Implementations Generality

Exceptions Rationale for Exceptions Total vs. Partial Specifications Replacing Preconditions with Defined Behavior Role of “FailureException” Specifications Include Exception Returns Checked vs. Unchecked Exceptions Bloch’s List of Standard Exceptions Masking vs. Reflection

Data Abstraction Fundamental Topic Specifications for: Expect Significant Exam Coverage Specifications for: Overview (Typical “Object”) Abstraction Function (toString()) Representation Invariant (repOk()) Methods You Can Expect to Write/Modify Some or All of These Understanding, not Formality, is the Focus

More Data Abstraction IntSet and Poly Examples Mutability Reasoning about Data Abstractions Role of Abstraction Function Value of Abstraction Function in Specific Examples Role of Representation Invariant Value of Representation Invariant in Specific Examples How to Argue a that Method Meets its Contract Other Issues Exposing the Rep Adequacy

Iteration Abstraction Specifying Iterators Preconditions and Postconditions Constraints on Modifications While Generator is in Use Implementing Iterators in Java Abstraction Functions for Iterators Value of Abstraction Function in Specific Examples Abstraction Function For Extensions Allowing a prev() as well as a next() method Allowing a remove() method

Type Hierarchy Fundamental Topic Uses of Type Hierarchy Mechanisms Substitution Principle Uses of Type Hierarchy Extending Behavior vs. Multiple Implementations Mechanisms Extensions, Abstract Classes, Interfaces Understanding Overriding vs. Overloading Dynamic Dispatching Apparent Type vs. Actual Type

Type Hierarchy Reasoning About Subtypes Signature Rule Methods Rule Rules for Exceptions Methods Rule Preconditions/Postconditions More Rules for Exceptions Properties Rule

Generics Replacing raw types with generics Eliminating unchecked warnings Generic interactions with Lists vs. Arrays Covariant Arrays vs. Invariant Generics Generifying types and methods Bounded wildcards Relaxing the invariance of generics

Polymorphic Abstraction Element Subtype vs. Related Subtype Comparable vs Comparator Addable vs. Adder Be Prepared to Analyze and/or Complete an Implementation

Concurrency Simple Thread Interactions Shared Access to Mutable Data Synchronized Methods Possible Executions in the Absence of Synchronization Roles for wait() and notify()

Specification Checking Specifications for Common Properties Temporal Logic for Specification Computational Tree Logic (CTL) Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) Simple Specification Patterns KSU material Huth and Ryan is also a excellent source

Methods Common to All Objects equals() Transitivity, Symmetry, Substitution for Subtypes hashcode() Consistency with equals() toString() clone() Why is Liskov’s clone() (page 97) wrong? Comparable

Classes and Interfaces Immutability Why it is Preferable How to Achieve Composition vs. Inheritance Why is Composition Preferable? Potential Problems for Inheritance Mechanisms to Prohibit Inheritance

Specifications Specificand Sets Generality vs. Restrictiveness Redundancy Definitions Examples Relevance to Type Abstraction Methods Rule

Design Patterns Introduction to Design Patterns Characterization of Patterns Name Problem Solution Consequences Example Patterns Factory, Singleton, Bridge, Decorator, Command, Iterator, State, Template

Secure Programming Introduction to Secure Implementation What is software NOT supposed to do? Bugs Misuse Cases Vulnerabilities/Exploits You need to think about the bad guy! Most vulnerabilities are simple mistakes YOUR software can be better

Special Topics Junit How to extract basic tests from a contract What is Junit How to use Junit How to write tests in JUnit How to extract basic tests from a contract Cover each exceptional condition Cover “normal” behavior May require several tests

Wrap Up Open Book (May decide against…) Open Slides (paper, not electronic) Closed Notes (May have one index card) Questions?