Plants

What Is a Vascular Plant? Have a vascular tissue = Xylem and Phloem Produce Seeds

Types of Vascular Tissue Has specialized organs Xylem = WATER flows UPWARD from the root Pholem = NUTRIENTS/FOOD (such as sugar) flows DOWNWARD from the leaves Stems = support and store essential molecules Roots = absorbs water and anchors the plant Leaves = do photosynthesis and exchange gases into and out of plant Guard Cells = surround the stomata (opening in the cell), which regulates the gases and water vapor that enters and exits the cell.

Guard Cell

Types of Vascular Plants

Types of Vascular Plants What makes Vascular Plants different? The WAY THE PLATNS reproduce makes the difference!!!

Seedless Vascular Plants Examples: Ferns, horsetails, many water plants MUST live in water, because they have swimming sperm that fertilize eggs

REMEMBER: “GYM likes CONES” Gymnosperms Reproduce with seeds that are exposed “Naked Seeds” (such as cones) Have CONES (pine cones) Makes male and female cones Usually keeps leaves all year long Examples: Evergreen trees, pine trees, gingko trees REMEMBER: “GYM likes CONES”

REMEMBER: “Angi likes Flowers” Angiosperms Reproduce with seeds that are covered “Enclosed Seeds” These plants have fruits that protect the seed and allow it to be dispersed Have FLOWERS!! Male reproductive part: Stamen Female reproductive part: Pistil Ovary protects the seed as they develop, and then ripens as a FRUIT! Angiosperms and their pollinators (bees, butterflies, etc) have co-evolved! REMEMBER: “Angi likes Flowers”

Parts of a flower

STERN GRR of VASCULAR Plants Synthesis: Can do photosynthesis (makes glucose = food) Can do protein synthesis and build organic molecules Transport: Uses diffusion and osmosis to regulate levels of water, gases, and molecules Uses XYLEM and PHLOEM to move materials throughout the plant

Excretion: Respiration: Nutrition: Gets rid of waste through diffusion and osmosis Uses transpiration to get rid of excess water (through the leaves) Respiration: Takes in CO2 and O2 through diffusion Uses CO2 for photosynthesis and O2 for respiration Nutrition: Are autotrophic = makes their own food

Growth: Reproduction: Regulation: Starts off life as a seed, and grows into an adult plant using mitosis Reproduction: Reproduce sexually and asexually. Most use pollen and eggs to produce seeds. Others use vegetative propagation to make asexual copies of themselves Vegetative propagation = cloning Regulation: Communicate using HORMONES, specifically AUXIN, the growth hormone

NON – Vascular Plants

What Is a Non-Vascular Plant? Plants that do not have a vascular system (NO XYLEM & PHLOEM,) leaves, roots, or stems. They do NOT produce SEEDS! Examples: Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

Life Processes of Non-Vascular Plants… Synthesis: Can do photosynthesis (makes glucose) Also does protein synthesis and builds organic molecules Transport: Uses diffusion and osmosis to regulate levels of water, gases, and molecules Excretion: Gets rid of waste using diffusion and osmosis

Respiration: Nutrition: Growth: Takes in CO2 and O2 through diffusion (Uses CO2 for photosynthesis and O2 for respiration) Nutrition: Autotrophic = make their own food Growth: Starts off as SPORES and grows into an adult plant using mitosis

Reproduction: Regulation: Reproduce sexually and asexually. The life cycles alter between haploid and diploid, and they uses swimming sperm to reproduce Regulation: Communication using hormones, specifically auxin, the growth hormone