What does the word trend mean?

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Presentation transcript:

What does the word trend mean? Periodic Table Trends What does the word trend mean?

The Periodic Table is similar to a calendar

A Calendar is organized by Days & By weeks The Periodic Table are organized by Families And Periods

Periods Each row is called a “period” The elements in each period have the same number of electron energy levels Elements’ atoms have different numbers of electrons. The electrons hang out in different energy levels surrounding the nucleus. Only so many electrons can hang out in each level at a time, so atoms with lots of electrons require more energy levels. 1st Period = 1 energy level 2nd Period = 2 energy levels 3rd Period = 3 energy levels 4th Period = 4 energy levels Image from: www.chem4kids.com

Periods Find Lithium on the Periodic Table 2 Find Lithium on the Periodic Table How many energy levels should it have? Image from: www.chem4kids.com

Periods 4 Find Calcium on the Periodic Table How many energy levels should it have? Image from: www.chem4kids.com

Groups Group 18 = Nobel Gases Group 1 = Alkali Metal or Families Group 18 = Nobel Gases Group 1 = Alkali Metal Each column is called a “family” or group. 1 Each “family” or group have similar properties. FYI just so you are not caught off guard - the Alkali Metal Family video says something slightly inappropriate “dogs nuts.” Click on each of the two family names above to see a video about that family.

Groups Group 18 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron or Families Group 18 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2 = 2 electrons 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in its outer orbital, also known as its outer shell. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Valence electrons are more complicated in this section of the periodic table The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons.” www.chem4kids.com

Find Argon 8 How many valence electrons does it have? But how many total electrons does it have?

Find Sulfur 6 How many valence electrons does it have? But how many total electrons does it have?

Valence Electrons are what make chemical reactions take place. Let’s look at Sodium and Chlorine How many valence electrons does it have? How many valence electrons does it have?

Atoms want to have full energy levels Atoms want to have full energy levels. In this case both Na and Cl want to have 8 valence electrons I have 1 and you have 7 let’s join together and make 8 So the shiny metal (Na) chemically reacts with the yellow gas (Cl) and it makes a new substance NaCl Click the picture of salt to watch this chemical reaction

The Periodic Table is organized in so many ways. Let’s look at a 2 more basic ways it is organized.

By number of Protons a.k.a Atomic #

Metals, Metalloids, & Nonmetals Click link to watch a video about the physical properties of Metals and Nonmetals Image from http://www.800mainstreet.com/33/0003-000-periodic1.gif

The Periodic Table is organized in so many ways The Periodic Table is organized in so many ways. It is an amazing tool and guide to all of our Universe’s elements! Here is one more video about the Periodic Table from Crash Course.