Direct & Indirect Speech Prepared By: - Nityanandesh Narayan Tripathi PGT English Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya

I am going to Delhi Tomorrow What is Direct Speech When the statement is made directly by the speaker then it is called Direct Speech. I am going to Delhi Tomorrow Ramesh

Ramesh was going to market that day What is indirect Speech When the statement of a person is repeated by someone else then it is called Indirect Speech. Ramesh was going to market that day Suresh

Conversion – From Direct to Indirect Reporting Speech Connector Reported Speech Subject Verb Object Comma/ Conjunction A. V. MV Adjective of Position Ram Said to Me , “ I Am Coming Here Today Told That He Was There That day ---------- 1 --------- 2 3 4 5 6 D S ID S

Relation of Tense in Reporting Speech and Reported Speech Conversion rule : - Relation of Tense in Reporting Speech and Reported Speech SN Tense in Reporting Speech Reported Speech 1 Present No change 2 Past 3 Future

Reporting Verb in Direct Sentence Reporting Verb in Indirect Sentence Conversion rule 1 – Removal of Inverted Commas SN Sentence Reporting Verb in Direct Sentence Reporting Verb in Indirect Sentence 1 Affirmative Said/ Said To Told 2 Interrogative Asked/ Inquired 3 Imperative Ordered , Requested, Advised 4 Exclamatory Exclaimed

Conversion rule 2 – Removal of Inverted Commas SN Sentence Inverted Commas Conjunction 1 Affirmative , “ ” That 2 Interrogative If 3 Imperative To 4 Exclamatory Note:- If the Interrogative sentence in Reported Speech starts by WH Words and How then IF is not used after removing inverted commas. WH Word or How itself replaces the inverted commas. Example Direct : Radha said to me, “Where have you seen him?” Indirect: Radha asked me where I had seen him.

Pronoun in Direct Speech Conversion rule 3 - Pronoun in Reported Speech SN Pronoun in Direct Speech 1 First Person Third Person 2 Second Person 3

Tense in Reported Direct Speech Tense in Reported Indirect Speech Conversion rule 4 - Tense in Reported Speech SN Tense in Reported Direct Speech Tense in Reported Indirect Speech 1 Present Past 2 Past Perfect 3 Modals of Present Modals of Past Important Note: - Past Perfect Tense and Past Perfect Continuous Tenses remain unchanged.

Conversion rule 5 – Change in Adjectives of Position SN Adjective of Position in Direct Speech Adjective of Position in Indirect Speech 1 This That 2 These Those 3 Here There

Conversion rule 6 – Change in Adjectives of Position SN Adjective of Time in Direct Speech Adjective of Time in Indirect Speech 4 Now Then 5 Today That Day 6 Yesterday The Previous Day 7 Tomorrow The Next Day 8 Tonight That Night 9 Last Night The Previous Night 10 Thus So 11 Ago Before 12 Just

Examples: - He says, “I am working day and night.” The worker said to officer, “I have been working since last four months in this mill.” Mohan said to me, “ yesterday you stole my book.” Wife will say to husband, “ please bring me a necklace.” Mukesh said to me , “Have you seen him?” They said, “Did you play yesterday?” Sippy said to Pooja, “ Why did you not invite me?” He said, “Please help me.” Teacher said to student, “ Open your books and start reading the new chapter.” Father said to daughter, “ Today my friends are coming here for dinner.” My brother said to my sister, “Great! You have won the competition.”

Direct Indirect Examples: - CBSE Pattern Raghav: - Where are you coming from? Anuj: - I am coming from market. Raghav: - Did you buy anything from there? Anuj: - I bought a book of stories. Raghav asked Anuj where he was coming from. Anuj replied that he was coming from the market. Raghav further asked if he had bought anything from there. He replied that he had bought a book of stories. Sunita: - Where are you going? Anita: - To attend a meeting. Sunita: - When will it be over? Anita: - At 2:00 p.m. On the way Sunita asked Anita where was she going. Anita replied that she was going to attend a meeting. Then Sunita again asked when that will be over. Anita replied that the meeting would be over at 2:00 p.m.

Exercises: - CBSE Pattern Fruit Seller: - Does your brother like fruits? Child: - No, he likes sweets too much. Fruit Seller: - I think it is bad for health. Child: - But I like fruits very much. At a shop, the fruit seller asked a child (a)…….The child replied (b)………too much. At this the fruit seller told him (c).…….for health. Then the child told (d)……..very much. Rohit: - What is your name? Mohit: - I am Mohit. Rohit: - Are you new student in the school? Mohit: - Yes, I am. In the school Rohit asked a new student (a)………He replied that (b)………..Rohit further asked him (c)……….school. Mohit replied (d)………..

Thanks